{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:01:51Z","timestamp":1793037711351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Weston Medical Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Opioid Management"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the difference in time until medical clearance when comparing tincture of opium (TO) to oral morphine (OM) in the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Design: Retrospective chart review conducted from May 2007 to July 2011. Setting: Level III Neonatal Intensive Care unit at Morristown Medical Center in Morristown, New Jersey. Patients, Participants: Clinical Drug Utilization reports identified 26 neonates who were treated with TO and 25 neonates who were treated with OM for NAS. No patients were excluded. Interventions: Patients were treated with either TO or OM for the indication of NAS. Main Outcome Measure(s): The primary outcome is to compare the time it takes for a baby being treated with TO versus OM for NAS to be medically cleared for discharge. Results: The median time until medical clearance for those treated with TO was 29.5 days compared to 37 days for those treated with OM (p = 0.14). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the time it takes for a baby being treated with TO versus OM for NAS to be medically cleared for discharge. There are a number of safety benefits in using OM compared to TO. Until further data are collected, it is appropriate to continue treatment of neonates with NAS with OM. 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Summary of National Findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2010."},{"key":"156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Committee on Drugs: Neonatal drug withdrawal. Pediatrics. 1998; 101(6): 1079-1088.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.6.1079"},{"key":"157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Committee on Drugs and The Committee on Fetus and Newborn.: Neonatal Drug Withdrawal. Pediatrics. 2012; 129(2): e540-e560.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3212"},{"key":"158","unstructured":"Taketomo CK, Hodding JH, Kraus DM, et al.: Pediatric & Neonatal Drug Information Handbook, 18th ed. Hudson, Ohio, Lexi-Comp, Inc., 2011."},{"key":"159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson L, Ting A, McKay S, et al.: A randomized controlled trial of morphine versus phenobarbitone for neonatal abstinence syndrome. 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Institute for Safe Medication Practices, 2012."},{"key":"164","unstructured":"Institute for Safe Medication Practices: Medication Safety Alert: Ongoing Confusion: Paregoric and Opium Tincture. Institute for Safe Medication Practices, June 19, 1996."},{"key":"165","unstructured":"Kelly K, Vaida AJ. Recurring confusion between opium tincture and paregoric. Pharmacy Times. June 1, 2003."},{"key":"166","unstructured":"The Joint Commission. Sentinel Event Alert # 39. April 11, 2008."},{"key":"167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coyle MG, Ferguson A, Lagasse L, et al.: Diluted tincture of opium (DTO) and phenobarbital versus DTO alone for neonatal opiate withdrawal in term infants. J Pediatr. 2002; 140: 561-564.","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.123099"},{"key":"168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carin I, Glass L, Parekh A, et al.: Neonatal methadone withdrawal. Effect of two treatment regimens. Am J Dis Child. 1983; 137: 1166-1169.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140380026008"},{"key":"169","unstructured":"Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceutical: Suboxone [package insert]. Richmond, VA: Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceutical, Inc., 2010."},{"key":"170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones HE, Johnson RE, Jasinski DR, et al.: Buprenorphine versus methadone in the treatment of pregnant opioid-dependent patients: effects on the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005; 79: 1-10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.013"},{"key":"171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer G, Johnson RE, Eder H, et al.: Treatment of opioiddependent pregnant women with buprenorphine. 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