{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T03:13:12Z","timestamp":1785726792868,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>An awake craniotomy (AC) is the gold standard for the resection of supra\u00adtentorial brain tumours in eloquent areas. Intraoperative monitoring \u201con-demand\u201d of essential eloquent brain functions and the increasing need to preserve higher intellectual functions during surgery requires a\u00a0unique anaesthetic approach during AC. Dexmedetomidine is considered the first-choice pharmacological agent for sedation during AC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-six patients with a\u00a0single brain tumour located in areas of eloquent brain function were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients underwent AC under conscious sedation. Motor-evoked potentials and brainstem-evoked auditory potentials were measured using neurophysiological tests during surgery to assess brain potentials. Intraoperative brain relaxation was reached using a\u00a0modified Bristow scale. Neuromonitoring and psychological tests were maintained until meningeal closure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All operations were carried out successfully, and no reoperations were needed. No significant impact on circulatory and respiratory parameters was observed during conscious sedation based on dexmedetomidine. Neither instrumental airway support nor conversion to general anaesthesia was necessary. Brain relaxation was good in 84% of cases. Intraoperative epileptic episodes were observed in 15% of the patients. Neuro\u00adlogical and psychological monitoring was satisfactory. Unaltered muscle force was observed postoperatively in 88% of the patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>AC performed under conscious sedation, and dexmedetomidine infusion without instrumental airway support, was safe and well-tolerated by patients with comfortable physiological sleep for most of the procedure. This approach to AC was associated with minimal risk of perioperative adverse events and may be particularly beneficial in patients with severe comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2022.123151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T07:15:07Z","timestamp":1672643707000},"page":"347-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Awake craniotomy with dexmedetomidine during resection of brain tumours located in eloquent regions"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Bogus\u0142awa Ewa","family":"Lechowicz-G\u0142ogowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Uryga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Weiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Salomon-Tuchowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Burzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Fortuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kasprowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Tabakow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1375595","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03482-z"},{"key":"ref-1375596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.JNS1153"},{"key":"ref-1375597","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.JNS141520"},{"key":"ref-1375598","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080916"},{"key":"ref-1375599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11477\/mf.1436204429"},{"key":"ref-1375600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-020-00645-1"},{"key":"ref-1375601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.JNS151291"},{"key":"ref-1375602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou153"},{"key":"ref-1375603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000179"},{"key":"ref-1375604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000486"},{"key":"ref-1375605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.JNS12504"},{"key":"ref-1375606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000318159.21731.cf"},{"key":"ref-1375607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-015-0522-9"},{"key":"ref-1375608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000365"},{"key":"ref-1375609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000464387"},{"key":"ref-1375610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3192-2"},{"key":"ref-1375611","volume-title":"Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults Natural History, Interaction with the Brain, and New Individualized Therapeutic Strategies","author":"Moritz-Gasser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moritz-Gasser. 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