{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:31:43Z","timestamp":1777577503521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess differences in the effects of income level on the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in the Chinese population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a population-based study using data from a China Kadoorie Biobank survey that began in 2004 in 10 geographical regions. Community residents (n = 512,715) aged 30\u201379 years were recruited. Stroke was determined by the self-reporting of a doctor\u2019s diagnosis, and participants with a high risk of stroke were identified using the model developed in the Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final numbers of people included in this study were 8,884 with stroke and 218,972 with a high risk of stroke. The participants\u2019 income level was positively associated with high levels of physical activity and the consumption of a healthy diet, but negatively associated with the control of alcohol consumption (all p &lt; 0.05). In addition, positive associations were observed between the control of smoking and the use of antiplatelet and antihypertensive medication for primary prevention (all p &lt; 0.05), but there was a negative association with the control of blood pressure (p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low-income individuals were less likely to control smoking and their diet and use preventive medications, while high-income individuals were less likely to control their alcohol consumption and blood pressure. Moreover, medication use was low for both primary and secondary prevention in high-income individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/178269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T09:40:16Z","timestamp":1730108416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Income level is associated with differences in primary and secondary stroke prevention in China"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3997-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiming","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junrong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8171-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-3194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2874-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyuan","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4725-4932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8650-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangfang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Cerebral Vascular and Neural Degenerative Disease Key Laboratory, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3329-3212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liyuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3090-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2164-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6740-4120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1279081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun M, Clarke R, Zhu T, et al. 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