{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:00:59Z","timestamp":1768618859776,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Med Sci"],"abstract":"Introduction<\/jats:title>Objective: To create a valuable practical tool for evaluating the risk of LC development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and methods<\/jats:title>1150 patients from the Polish STOP-COVID registry (PoLoCOV study) were used to develop the risk score. The patients were ill between 03\/2020 and 04\/2022. To develop a clinically useful scoring model. The LC risk score was generated using the machine learning-based framework AutoScore. Patient data were first randomised into a training (70% of output) and a test (30% of output) cohorts. Due to relatively small study group, cross-validation was used. Model predictive ability was evaluated based on the ROC curve and the AUC value. The result of the risk score for a given patient was the total value of points assigned to selected variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>To create long COVID Risk Score, eight variables were ultimately selected due to their significance and clinical value. Female gender significantly contributed to higher final outcome values, with age range 40-49, BMI <18.5 kg\/m2, hospitalisation during active disease, arthralgia, myalgia as well as loss of taste and smell during infection, COVID-19 symptoms lasting at least 14 days, and unvaccinated status. The final predictive value of the developed LC risk score for a cut-off of 58 points was AUC=0.630 (95% CI: 0.571-0.688) with sensitivity - 39.80%, specificity - 85.1%, positive predictive value - 80.8%, and negative predictive value 47.3%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Conclusions: The LC risk score might be a practical and undemanding utility that employs basic sociodemographic data, vaccination status, and symptoms during COVID-19 to assess the risk of long-COVID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/187781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T23:19:20Z","timestamp":1713655160000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\"LC Risk Score\" - development and evaluation of a scale for assessing the risk of developing long COVID"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-6959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Babicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1228-7534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Lejawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland., Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3202-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Osadnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland., Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5082-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kapusta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland, Poland"},{"name":"Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St, Carnegie 591, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6223-8821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Piotr","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6600-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mastalerz-Migas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Ka\u0142uzi\u0144ska-Ko\u0142at","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, \u017beligowskiego 7\/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland., Poland"},{"name":"Boruta Medical Centre, 95-100 Zgierz, Poland, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Ko\u0142at","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, \u017beligowskiego 7\/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland., Poland"},{"name":"Boruta Medical Centre, 95-100 Zgierz, Poland, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8805-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Chudzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]]},"container-title":["Archives of Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-187781-109332","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-187781-109332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T23:19:21Z","timestamp":1713655161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/-LC-Risk-Score-development-and-evaluation-of-a-scale-for-assessing-the-risk-of-developing,187781,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["187781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/187781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1922","1896-9151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1922","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-9151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]]}}}