{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:44:47Z","timestamp":1747226687515,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Med Sci"],"abstract":"Introduction<\/jats:title>Since the beginning of SARS-CoV-2-pandemic, intensive efforts have been made to identify predictors of COVID-19 outcomes. Individual components of the C2HEST-scale, used to predict the risk of atrial fibrillation, reflect comorbidities presences. Therefore, we hypothesized that the score could predict unfavorable clinical COVID-19-outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and methods<\/jats:title>2184-medical-records of subjects hospitalized at the medical-university-center due to COVID-19 from February 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed . The subjects were categorized into low\/medium\/high-risk categories according to the C2HEST scale. Measured outcomes included: in-hospital-, 3-month- and 6-month-all-cause-mortality, the non-fatal hospitalization endpoints and other adverse in-hospital events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 598 deaths (27.4%), including 326 in-hospital (15%) were reported. All three types of mortality were highest in the high-risk C2HEST-stratum (35.4%, 54.4, and 56.9%), ,and lowest in the low-risk-stratum: (8.4%, 15%, and 37.5%), respectively. The receiver-operating characteristics revealed that C2HEST allows one to predict 1-month mortality with AUC30=70.7 and maintained at a similar level after 3- and 6-month-observation(AUC90=72.0 and AUC180=67). The p-value for the Log-rank test comparing survival curves was <0.0001. An increase of one C2HEST-point raised the overall death rate 1.4-fold. A change from the low- to medium category increased the death rate 3.4 times, while between the low- and high-risk-stratum the hazard-ratio was 5.0. The C2HEST-score also revealed predictive value for pneumonia, sepsis, cardiogenic-shock, myocardi-injury, acute heart failure, kidney\/liver-injury, stroke, gastrointestinal-bleedings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The C2HEST-score is usefull in predicting adverse COVID-19-outcomes in hospitalized subjects. The simplicity of this scale, based on the presence of comorbidities, may address medical needs in risk stratification of COVID-19- patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/190744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T10:02:24Z","timestamp":1722160944000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The C2HEST score on admission to hospital may successfully predict the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in all-comers population"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Doroszko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University,, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine,4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Trocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kujawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University,, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u0119drzej","family":"Machowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jodkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University,, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Rola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University,, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Provincial Specialized Hospital, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Sowizdraniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology,, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Lubieniecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Koral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Simulation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Med-ical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Soko\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology,, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa Anita","family":"Jankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Madziarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]]},"container-title":["Archives of Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-190744-112727","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-190744-112727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T10:02:38Z","timestamp":1722160958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/The-C2HEST-score-on-admission-to-hospital-may-successfully-predict-the-clinical-outcomes,190744,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["190744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/190744","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1922","1896-9151"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1734-1922"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1896-9151"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]]}}}