{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:35:30Z","timestamp":1787502930874,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Esophageal varices (EV) are dilated submucosal veins in the distal esophagus connecting the portal vein to the systemic circulation. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with a variety of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between T1DM and EV from a genetic perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a genome-wide association study of the causal relationship between T1DM and EV using pooled data from the GWAS database. Firstly, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study of these two diseases.   Next, we used multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to further confirm the effect of type I diabetes on esophageal varices after excluding confounding factors such as cirrhosis and immune system disorders associated with type I diabetes mellitus. Sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochran\u2019s Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and outlier methods, leave-one-out analysis and funnel plots.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all two-sample MR analyses, the p-values of the IVW were all &lt;0.05. Meanwhile, the ORs of both IVW and MR-Egger analyses were &gt;1, and the directions of the IVW and MR-Egger assays were consistent. No horizontal pleiotropy was found for the MR-Egger intercept, and leave-one out analysis found that the results remained stable after the removal of individual SNPs. MVMR analysis showed that the causal relationship between type I diabetes mellitus and esophageal varices persisted after exclusion of immune-related confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the MR analysis supported a causal relationship between T1DM and EV risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/191419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T15:51:33Z","timestamp":1721922693000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and esophageal varices: a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Department, Binzhou People's Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Department, Binzhou People's Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Binzhou People's Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"container-title":["Archives of Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-191419-112673","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-191419-112673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T15:51:34Z","timestamp":1721922694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/Association-between-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-and-esophageal-varices-a-Mendelian-randomization,191419,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["191419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/191419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1922","1896-9151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1922","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-9151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]}}}