{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T23:10:03Z","timestamp":1750806603869,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerular autoimmune disease associated with nephrotic syndrome. This study explored the influence of peripheral blood B cell subtypes on MN using Mendelian randomization (MR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with peripheral blood B cells and MN were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Analytical methods included instrumental variable weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode methods, and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) for outlier detection, Cochran\u2019s Q test for heterogeneity, and leave-one-out analysis to assess the robustness of the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of IgD+ CD24-B cell absolute count (OR 0.8285, 95% CI 0.7317-0.9381, P=0.003), B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) on IgD+ CD24-B cells (OR 0.9045, 95% CI 0.8275-0.9886, P=0.0269), BAFF-R on IgD+ CD38dim B cells (OR 0.9057, 95% CI 0.8277-0.991, P=0.0311), BAFF-R on IgD- CD27-B cells (OR 0.9134, 95% CI 0.8404-0.9928, P=0.0332), CD19 on IgD-CD24-B cells (OR 0.884, 95% CI 0.7906-0.9886, P=0.0306), CD24 on switched memory B cells (OR 0.8927, 95% CI 0.8133-0.9798, P=0.0169), and CD25 on switched memory B cells (OR 0.8768, 95% CI 0.7745-0.9927, P=0.0379) were strongly associated with an decreased risk of membranous nephropathy. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the stability of the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This MR study supports the possibility of a genetic causal association between peripheral blood B cell subtypes and MN. The results enhance the comprehension of the immunological basis of MN and may play a role in personalized medicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/205111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T22:33:21Z","timestamp":1750804401000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring causality between peripheral blood B cell subtypes and membranous nephropathy: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2668-3761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5996-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2835-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2059-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5767-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenglin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"container-title":["Archives of Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-205111-126415","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-205111-126415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T22:33:27Z","timestamp":1750804407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/Exploring-causality-between-peripheral-blood-B-cell-subtypes-and-membranous-nephropathy,205111,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["205111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/205111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1922","1896-9151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1922","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-9151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]}}}