{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:17:33Z","timestamp":1761218253412},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Med Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The outbreak of a newly identified coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2 (alternative name 2019-nCoV), capable of jumping across species causing zoonosis with severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS), has alerted authorities worldwide. Soon after the epidemic was first detected in the city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China, starting in late December 2019, the virus spread over multiple countries in different continents, being declared a pandemic by March 2020. The demographic characteristics of the infected patients suggest that age, sex, and comorbidities are predictive factors for the fatality of the infection. The mechanisms of viral entry into the human host cells seem to be in a close relationship with the mechanisms of regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which may explain the pathogenesis associated with the infection. This brings new insights into the possibilities of exploiting viral entry mechanisms to limit associated complications by means of enhancing the resistance of the infected patients using methods of regulating the RAS and strategies of modulating ACE2 expression. In this perspective article we exploit the mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis based on the demographic characteristics of the infected patients reported in the recent literature and explore several approaches of limiting the initial steps of viral entry and pathogenesis based on viral interactions with ACE2 and RAS. We further discuss the implications of reproductive hormones in the regulation of the RAS and investigate the premise of using endocrine therapy against COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2020.96604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T08:40:14Z","timestamp":1593160814000},"page":"275-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Game of \u201ccrowning\u201d season 8: RAS and reproductive hormones in COVID-19 \u2013 can we end this viral series?"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Andrei Cosmin","family":"Cismaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, The \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, Immunology, and Allergology, The \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurentiu Gabriel","family":"Cismaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, The \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed","family":"Nabavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Division of Translational Medicine, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Berindan-Neagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, The \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"MEDFUTURE \u2013 Research Centre for Advanced Medicine \u2013 The \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"The Functional Genomics Department, The Oncology Institute \u201cProf. Dr. Ion Chiricuta\u201d, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Clementi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E. Medea Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed","family":"Nabavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Division of Translational Medicine, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"container-title":["Archives of Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-123876-62240","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/pdf-123876-62240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T09:24:16Z","timestamp":1614763456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.archivesofmedicalscience.com\/Game-of-crowning-season-8-RAS-and-reproductive-hormones-in-COVID-19-can-we-end-this,123876,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["123876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms.2020.96604","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1922","1896-9151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1922","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-9151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]}}}