{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:22:31Z","timestamp":1758586951681,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioTechnologia"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Synthetic colors are widely used in the food and cosmetic industries to make pro\u00adducts more appealing to consumers. However, the health hazards associated with synthetic colors have prompted their replacement with natural colors. &lt;i&gt;Portulaca grandiflora&lt;\/i&gt; is a promising candidate for natural color extraction, as it is rich in betalains. This study presents a reliable, reproducible three-step regeneration protocol for this plant and analyzes its betalain content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;\/i&gt; shoot cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. Anatomical studies were conducted to determine the stages of shoot primordium development. Betalains were extracted from &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;\/i&gt; plants using 60% methanol and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis. The effect of sodium ascorbate on betalain stability was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Juvenile leaf explants regenerated shoots on MS medium supplemented with 10 \u00b5M 6-benzyl\u00adadenine and 5 \u00b5M indole-3-acetic acid. Shoots were multiplied with 20 \u00b5M BA (6.25 \u00b1 0.85 shoots\/explant), and elongation was achieved with 5 \u00b5M gibberellic acid (GA&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;) (8.2 \u00b1 0.37 shoots\/explant). Shoot primordia developed from well-organized meristemoid cells. The betalain content in the stem was 26.66 \u00b1 0.19 mg\/100 g, but this pigment degraded within 24 h (42.19% degradation). The addition of 50 mM sodium ascorbate prevented betalain degradation, even after 24 h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study reports a regeneration protocol from juvenile leaf explants and demonstrates that betalain stability in the stem can be maintained with 50 mM sodium ascorbate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/bta\/209760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T08:17:46Z","timestamp":1758529066000},"page":"291-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vitro regeneration of Portulaca grandiflora Hook. and analysis of betalain content within in vivo plants"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6461-0949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archana","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1457-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aruna","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1519571","unstructured":"Anghel AI, Olaru OT, Gatea F, Dinu M, Ancuceanu RV, Istudor V. 2013. 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