{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:09:56Z","timestamp":1790827796738,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytokines have been important mediators of the immunity and can be involved in numerous processes in the male genital tract including acting as immunomodulatory elements within the male gonad.&lt;br \/&gt;\nThe aims of this study were: 1) to detect pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in the control group and subgroups of infertile men; and 2) to set up the practical recommendations concerning determination of cytokine levels for the male infertility diagnosis.&lt;br \/&gt;\nObservations were performed in a\u00a0group of 82 men: healthy controls (n = 27) and infertile patients (n = 55). The male infertility group was further subdivided into patients with: varicocele (n = 22), idiopathic infertility (n = 13) and partners of couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA; n = 20). Semen analysis was determined following WHO criteria. The cytokine interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, IL-10, IL-18; tumor necrosis factor \uf061 (TNF-\uf061), interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) contents in serum and seminal plasma were determined by quantitative ELISA.&lt;br \/&gt;\nAn interesting marker of male infertility appears to be TGF-\u03b21 (blood) significantly elevated in idiopathically infertile males and in the RSA group. Besides elevated TGF-\u03b21 in a\u00a0group of idiopathic infertility significantly elevated IL-10, IL-18, IFN-\u03b3 (blood) and statistically decreased IL-1\u03b2 while increased IFN-\u03b3 were revealed in seminal plasma compared to healthy controls. &lt;br \/&gt;\nWe may postulate novel cytokine micropatterns for patients with different background of infertility. Therefore, circulating cytokines: IL-1\u03b2\uf02c IL-10, IL-18, TGF-\u03b21, IFN-\u03b3 and IL-1\u03b2, IFN-\u03b3 and TGF-\u03b21 in seminal plasma should be extended in evaluation of specific types of male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2015.54596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T09:29:02Z","timestamp":1448443742000},"page":"337-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Cytokines in the blood and semen of infertile patients"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Havrylyuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentyna","family":"Chopyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaryna","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Kril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Kurpisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1558364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iammarone E, Balet R, Lower AM, et al. 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