{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:21:31Z","timestamp":1790461291678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452816000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt; is one of the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children. Extrapulmonary manifestations are seen in up to 25% of infected patients. Extrapulmonary complications are associated with the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, skin changes, myocarditis, pericarditis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. The majority of extrapulmonary symptoms are associated with skin changes such as exanthematous skin eruptions, erythema nodosum, urticaria, Stevens-Jonson syndrome. &lt;i&gt;M. pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt; stimulates production of the interleukins and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) \uf061 and can cause vasculitis. Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura (HSP) is a leucoclastic vasculitis that affects small vessels. Clinical manifestations of HSP include typical rash, arthritis, gastrointestinal and sometimes renal involvement. The main feature in HSP is abnormal IgA deposits in vessel walls. Circulating abnormal glycosylated IgA 1 and IgG antibodies form immune complexes: IgA1-IgG and anti-IgA 1. Immune complexes activate cytokines, parts of complement and influence directly the endothelium. We report cases of three children with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura with prolonged and recurrent skin and joint changes. The serological analysis (positive serum IgM) confirmed &lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt; infection. Treatment with clarithromycin caused complete regression of disease. We suggest that in the case of prolonged symptoms of vasculitis due to Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, Mycoplasma pneumonia infection may be a potential cause of exacerbation of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2015.56976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T04:38:06Z","timestamp":1458621486000},"page":"489-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["&lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt; as a trigger for Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in children"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Ku\u017ama-Mroczkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Pa\u0144czyk-Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szmigielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Szymanik-Grzelak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Roszkowska-Blaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1557953","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Principi N, Esposito S, Blasi F, et al. (2001): Role of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i> and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Clin  Infect  Dis 32: 1281-1289.","DOI":"10.1086\/319981"},{"key":"ref-1557954","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Specjalski K (2010): Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i> infections in the course of asthma. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 78: 284-295.","DOI":"10.5603\/ARM.27722"},{"key":"ref-1557955","unstructured":"Lipi\u0144ska-Opa\u0142ka A, Wawrzyniak A, Milart J, Kalicki B (2013): Variety of clinical manifestations of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i> infection. Case report. Pediatr Med Rodz 9: 374-337."},{"key":"ref-1557956","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi\u015f U, Kurul SH, Cakmak\u00e7i H, Dirik E (2008): <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>: nervous system complications in childhood and review of the literature. 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