{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:28:00Z","timestamp":1787495280301,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study aimed to determine the express level of tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in the decidual tissue and peripheral blood of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Material and methods: Eighty RSA patients and 100 control women were recruited in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to determine the expression level of TNF-\u03b1 in peripheral blood and decidual tissues from both groups. Additionally, the expression level of TNF-\u03b1 was compared between RSA patients with different numbers of abortions, as well as primary and secondary RSA patients. &lt;br \/&gt;\nResults: The expression level of TNF-\u03b1 in peripheral blood and decidual tissues of RSA patients was significantly higher compared to the controls (p &lt; 0.001). Patients who had undergone RSA twice expressed TNF-\u03b1 in peripheral blood and decidual tissues at a similar level to patients who had experienced RSA three times (p &gt; 0.05), but significantly lower than patients who had experienced RSA more than three times (p &lt; 0.001). The expression level of TNF-\u03b1 in peripheral blood and decidual tissues was significantly higher in the secondary RSA patients, when compared with primary RSA patients (p &lt; 0.001). &lt;br \/&gt;\nConclusions: Taken together, the relatively high expression level of TNF-\u03b1 in decidual tissue and peripheral blood may be one of the causes of RSA and therefore could be used as a clinical indicator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2017.69357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T05:19:17Z","timestamp":1503983957000},"page":"156-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Expression level of TNF-\u03b1 in decidual tissue and peripheral blood of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Song","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifang","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengmin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1553762","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2013): Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. 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(2000): Implications in the management of pregnancy: II. Low levels of gene expression but enhanced uptake and accumulation of umbilical cord glycodelin. Fertil Steril 73: 843-847.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00600-7"},{"key":"ref-1553778","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Kwak-Kim J, Ota K, Kuroda K, et al. (2015): Immunosuppression with tacrolimus improved reproductive outcome of women with repeated implantation failure and elevated peripheral blood TH1\/TH2 cell ratios. Am J Reprod Immunol 73: 353-361.","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12338"},{"key":"ref-1553779","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey MK, Rani R, Agrawal S (2005): An update in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Arch Gynecol Obstet 272: 95-108.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-004-0706-y"},{"key":"ref-1553780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perricone R, De Carolis C, Giacomelli R, et al. 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