{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T20:13:32Z","timestamp":1776024812084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The involvement of the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in various auto\u00adimmune and inflammatory diseases has been documented; however, the role of this proinflammatory molecule in children with diabetes type 1 (T1DM) has not been addressed. The aim of this case-control study is to compare the serum level of HMGB1 in children with newly diagnosed T1DM (group 1) and a control group composed of healthy children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case-control study included 136 children: group 1 (n = 96) and a control group (n = 40). Measurements were taken from serum for the following: HMGB1, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, glucose, haemoglobin A&lt;sub&gt;1C&lt;\/sub&gt;, and \u03b2-cell autoantibodies (GADA-65, IA-2, ICA). HMGB1 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a Labsystems iEMS Reader MF analyser (Labsystems Diagnostics Oy, Helsinki, Finland).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The level (median and interquartile range) of HMGB1 was statistically higher (p &lt; 0.001) in children with T1DM: 8.7 (5.0-9.8) \u00b5g\/l, in comparison with the control group: 1.0 (0.6-1.4) \u00b5g\/l. No correlation was found between HMGB1 and HbA1c in group 1, or between HMGB1 and BMI. A statistically higher percentage of positive children for autoantibodies were present in group 1 compared to the control group (p \u2264 0.001). HMGB1 serum levels were also tested and the presence of autoantibodies, and none of those antibodies correlated with the level of HMGB1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The higher level of HMGB1 in children with T1DM, compared to the control group, indicates that this proinflammatory molecule is a good candidate marker of inflammation in children with T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2019.84012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T09:01:17Z","timestamp":1555405277000},"page":"33-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Serum levels of the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: case-control study"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Igor","family":"Marjanac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Lovri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerko","family":"Barbi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1549034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/POC.0000000000000125","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes \u2013 a clinical perspective","volume":"16","author":"Kahanovitz L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kahanovitz L, Sluss PM, Russell SJ. 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