{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T19:24:32Z","timestamp":1780687472826,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hydrocephalus is a\u00a0common disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in the pediatric population. Surgical treatment options involve ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement. VPS infection is the most common complication of surgically treated hydrocephalus in pediatric patients [1, 2], which may lead to neuronal damage. Myelin basic protein (MBP) has been proposed as a\u00a0marker of neuronal injury in a\u00a0variety of contexts, and MBP levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be used to assess the severity of neuronal damage [1, 3, 4]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the CSF level of myelin basic protein (MBP) in a\u00a0group of pediatric patients with VPS infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty CSF samples were collected from pediatric patients with VPS infection. CSF levels of MBP were measured at three time points, marked by contamination detection, obtention of the first sterile CSF culture, and VPS shunt implantation. The collected data were compared with those of the control group composed of children with active congenital hydrocephalus and valid CSF values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MBP level in the study group was higher than the corresponding control values in the second and third measurements. The highest MBP level was reached in the study group in the second and third measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lack of normalization of MBP level in the CSF of children with shunt infection could be connected with ongoing brain damage. It takes longer than the normalization of CSF protein level and pleocytosis. The delay is associated with a\u00a0prolonged reaction of the immunological system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2020.94682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T06:13:42Z","timestamp":1590128022000},"page":"48-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CSF levels of myelin basic protein in pediatric patients with entriculoperitoneal shunt infection"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Polis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lech","family":"Polis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Pa\u015bnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Nowoslawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1546645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302771","article-title":"CSF myelin basic protein in pediatric hydrocephalus","volume":"10","author":"Longatti PL","year":"1994","unstructured":"Longatti PL, Guida F, Agostini S, et al. (1994): CSF myelin basic protein in pediatric hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 10: 96-98.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"ref-1546646","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00645-12","article-title":"Biofilm-infected intracerebroventricular shunts elicit inflammation within the central nervous system","volume":"80","author":"Snowden JN","year":"2012","unstructured":"Snowden JN, Beaver M, Smeltzer MS, Kielianb T (2012): Biofilm-infected intracerebroventricular shunts elicit inflammation within the central nervous system. Infect Immun 80: 3206-3214.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref-1546647","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fda","article-title":"Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: pathophysiology and diagnosis by CSF biomarkers","volume":"80","author":"Jeppsson A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeppsson A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Wikkels\u00f8 C (2013): Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: pathophysiology and diagnosis by CSF biomarkers. Neurology 80: 1385-1392.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref-1546648","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-34","article-title":"Fingerprint changes in CSF composition associated with different aetiologies in human neonatal hydrocephalus: glial proteins associated with cell damage and loss","volume":"10","author":"Naureen I","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naureen I, Waheed K, Rathore A, et al. (2013): Fingerprint changes in CSF composition associated with different aetiologies in human neonatal hydrocephalus: glial proteins associated with cell damage and loss. Fluids Barriers CNS 10: 1-22.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref-1546649","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-009-9691-4","article-title":"Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement","volume":"37","author":"Linninger AA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Linninger AA, Sweetman B, Penn R (2009): Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement. Ann Biomed Eng 37: 1434-1447.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref-1546650","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fifth International Hydrocephalus Workshop, Crete, Greece, May 20-23, 2010: themes and highlights","author":"Rekate HL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rekate HL, Aygok GA, Kouzelis PM, Pollay M (2012): Fifth International Hydrocephalus Workshop, Crete, Greece, May 20-23, 2010: themes and highlights. Acta Neurochir Suppl 113: 1-7.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"ref-1546651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.12.1563","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in children: a study of 333 consecutive shunts in 6 years","volume":"27","author":"Lee JK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee JK, Seok JY, Lee H, et al. (2012): Incidence and risk factors of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in children: a study of 333 consecutive shunts in 6 years. J Korean Med Sci 27: 1563-1568.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref-1546652","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6585","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002794","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus biofilms prevent macrophage phagopleocytosis and attenuate inflammation in vivo","volume":"186","author":"Thurlow LR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thurlow LR, Hanke ML, Fritz T, et al. (2011): Staphylococcus aureus biofilms prevent macrophage phagopleocytosis and attenuate inflammation in vivo. J Immunol 186: 6585-6596.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref-1546653","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313581","article-title":"Consensus: modelling of hydrocephalus","volume":"10","author":"McLone DG","year":"1994","unstructured":"McLone DG (1994): Consensus: modelling of hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 10: 24-28.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"ref-1546654","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1985.tb03806.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein immunoreactivity as an indicator of brain damage in children","volume":"27","author":"Levin SD","year":"1985","unstructured":"Levin SD, Hoyle NR, Brown JK, Thomas DG (1985): Cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein immunoreactivity as an indicator of brain damage in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 27: 807-813.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"ref-1546655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-3-11","article-title":"Biomarkers in chronic adult hydrocephalus","volume":"3","author":"Tarnaris A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tarnaris A, Watkins LD, Kitchen ND (2006): Biomarkers in chronic adult hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 3: 1-13.","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"key":"ref-1546656","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.02.008","article-title":"Bio-markers of disease activity and response to therapy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"106","author":"Miller A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller A, Glass-Marmor L, Abraham M, et al. (2004): Bio-markers of disease activity and response to therapy in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106: 249-254.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref-1546657","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859800400105","article-title":"Myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids","volume":"4","author":"Whitaker JN","year":"1998","unstructured":"Whitaker JN (1998): Myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids. Mult Scler 4: 16-21.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref-1546658","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00387.x","article-title":"Microglia-derived macrophage colony stimulating factor promotes generation of prointiammatory cytokines by astrocytes in the periventricular white matter in the hypoxic neonatal brain","volume":"20","author":"Deng YY","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deng YY, Lu J, Ling EA, Kaur C (2010): Microglia-derived macrophage colony stimulating factor promotes generation of prointiammatory cytokines by astrocytes in the periventricular white matter in the hypoxic neonatal brain. Brain Pathol 20: 909-925.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"ref-1546659","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPCYCH96QYPHJM","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid Myelin Basic Protein is frequently ordered but has little value","volume":"138","author":"Greene DN","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greene DN, Schmidt RL, Wilson AR, et al. (2012): Cerebrospinal fluid Myelin Basic Protein is frequently ordered but has little value. Am J Clin Pathol 138: 262-272.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref-1546660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91974","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091974","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker and brain biopsy findings in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"9","author":"Pyykk\u00f6 OT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pyykk\u00f6 OT, Lumela M, Rummukainen J, et al. (2014): Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker and brain biopsy findings in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. PLo S One 9: e91974","journal-title":"PLo S One"},{"key":"ref-1546661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9767-0","article-title":"Increased CSF concentrations of myelinbasicprotein after TBI in infants and children: absence of significant effect of therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"17","author":"Su E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Su E, Bell MJ, Kochanek PM, et al. (2012): Increased CSF concentrations of myelinbasicprotein after TBI in infants and children: absence of significant effect of therapeutic hypothermia. Neurocrit Care 17: 401-407.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"ref-1546662","first-page":"1","article-title":"Myelin Basic Protein","volume":"8","author":"Day ED","year":"1981","unstructured":"Day ED (1981): Myelin Basic Protein. Contemp Top Mol Immunol 8: 1-39.","journal-title":"Contemp Top Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref-1546663","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.07.004","article-title":"Effects of active immunisation with myelin basic protein and myelin-derived altered peptide ligand on pain hypersensitivity and neuroinflammation","volume":"286","author":"Perera CJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perera CJ, Lees JG, Duffy SS (2015): Effects of active immunisation with myelin basic protein and myelin-derived altered peptide ligand on pain hypersensitivity and neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 286: 59-70.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref-1546664","first-page":"1","article-title":"The formation of lipid droplets favors intracellular Mycobacterium leprae survival in SW-10, non-myelinating Schwann cells","volume":"11","author":"Jin S-H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jin S-H, An S-K, Lee S-B (2017): The formation of lipid droplets favors intracellular Mycobacterium leprae survival in SW-10, non-myelinating Schwann cells. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11: 1-17.","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref-1546665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1888","article-title":"Viral infection triggers central nervous system autoimmunity via activation of CD8+ T cells expressing dual TCRs","volume":"11","author":"Ji Q","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ji Q, Perchellet A, Goverman JM (2010): Viral infection triggers central nervous system autoimmunity via activation of CD8+ T cells expressing dual TCRs. Nat Immunol 11: 628-634.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref-1546666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1159\/000179667","article-title":"Neuropathy of gastrointestinal Chagas\u2019 disease: immune response to myelin antigens","volume":"16","author":"Oliveira EC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oliveira EC, Fujisawa MM, Hallal Longo DE, et al. (2009): Neuropathy of gastrointestinal Chagas\u2019 disease: immune response to myelin antigens. Neuroimmunomodulation 16: 54-62.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref-1546667","first-page":"1","article-title":"The causative pathogen determines the inflammatory profile in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome in patients with bacterial meningitis","author":"Grandgirard D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grandgirard D, G\u00e4umann R, Coulibaly B (2013): The causative pathogen determines the inflammatory profile in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome in patients with bacterial meningitis. MediatInflamm 2013: 1-12.","journal-title":"MediatInflamm"},{"key":"ref-1546668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/480739","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines at the crossroads of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuropathic pain","volume":"2013","author":"Ramesh G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramesh G, MacLean AG, Philipp MT (2013): Cytokines and chemokines at the crossroads of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuropathic pain. Mediat Inflamm 2013: 1-20.","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"ref-1546669","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.08.012","article-title":"Predictors of extraventricular drain-associated bacterial ventriculitis","volume":"29","author":"Williamson RA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williamson RA, Phillips-Bute BG, McDonagh DL, et al. (2014): Predictors of extraventricular drain-associated bacterial ventriculitis. J Crit Care 29: 77-82.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"ref-1546670","first-page":"e0146288","article-title":"PLoS One","author":"Michael BD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Michael BD, Griffiths MJ, Granerod J, et al. (2016): Characteristic cytokine and chemokine profiles in encephalitis of infectious, immune-mediated, and unknown aetiology. PLoS One 11: e0146288."},{"key":"ref-1546671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9767-0","article-title":"Increased CSF concentrations of Myelin Basic Protein after TBI in infants and children: absence of significant effect of therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"17","author":"Su E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Su E, Bell MJ, Kochanek PM (2012): Increased CSF concentrations of Myelin Basic Protein after TBI in infants and children: absence of significant effect of therapeutic hypothermia. Neurocrit Care 17: 401-407.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"ref-1546672","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000211813.04688.6c","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapy and local toxicity of intraventricular administration of vancomycin in a neonate with ventriculitis","volume":"28","author":"Nava-Ocampo AA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nava-Ocampo AA, Mojica-Madera JA, Villanueva-Garc\u00eda D, Caltenco-Serrano R (2006): Antimicrobial therapy and local toxicity of intraventricular administration of vancomycin in a neonate with ventriculitis. Ther Drug Monit 28: 474-476.","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"ref-1546673","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.07.025","article-title":"Increasing vancomycin serum trough concentrations and incidence of nephrotoxicity","volume":"123","author":"Pritchard L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pritchard L, Baker C, Leggett J, et al. (2010): Increasing vancomycin serum trough concentrations and incidence of nephrotoxicity. Am J Med 123: 1143-1149.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref-1546674","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2012.01279.x","article-title":"Myelin Basic Protein induces inflammatory mediators from primary human endothelial cells and blood-brain-barrier disruption: Implications for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"D\u2019Aversa TG","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u2019Aversa TG, Eliseo A, Eugenin EA, et al. (2013): Myelin Basic Protein induces inflammatory mediators from primary human endothelial cells and blood-brain-barrier disruption: Implications for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 39: 270-283.","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref-1546675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2333-z","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment options for neurosurgical ventricular shunt infections in children from 1993 to 2012: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Drew RJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Drew RJ, Cole TS, Lee MK, et al. (2014): Antimicrobial treatment options for neurosurgical ventricular shunt infections in children from 1993 to 2012: a systematic review. Childs Nerv Syst 30: 841-850.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"ref-1546676","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2006.00157.x","article-title":"Cure of ventriculitis and central nervous system shuntinfection by Staphylococcus epidermidis with vancomycin by intraventricular injection in a liver transplant recipient","volume":"9","author":"Schwabe M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schwabe M, J\u00fcttner E, Blaich A, et al. (2007): Cure of ventriculitis and central nervous system shuntinfection by Staphylococcus epidermidis with vancomycin by intraventricular injection in a liver transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 9: 46-50.","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref-1546677","first-page":"16445","article-title":"Relationship of plasma S100B and MBP with brain damage in preterm infants","volume":"8","author":"Zhou W","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou W, Li W, Qu L-H, et al. (2015): Relationship of plasma S100B and MBP with brain damage in preterm infants. Int J Clin Exp Med 8: 16445-16453.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref-1546678","first-page":"e108646","article-title":"PLoS One","author":"Zuang J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zuang J, Sun X, Zheng S, et al. (2014): Myelin Basic Protein induces neuronspecific toxicity by directly damaging the neuronal plasma membrane. PLoS One 9: e108646."},{"key":"ref-1546679","first-page":"158","article-title":"J Clin Cell Immunol","author":"Roy A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roy A, Pahan K (2013): Myelin Basic Protein-primed T Helper 2 Cells Suppress Microglial Activation via AlphaVBeta3 Integrin: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Cell Immunol 12: 158."}],"container-title":["Central European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ceji.termedia.pl\/pdf-103630-129799","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ceji.termedia.pl\/pdf-103630-129799","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T08:34:42Z","timestamp":1767947682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ceji.termedia.pl\/CSF-levels-of-myelin-basic-protein-in-pediatric-patients-with-entriculoperitoneal,103630,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["103630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/ceji.2020.94682","relation":{},"ISSN":["1426-3912","1644-4124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1426-3912","type":"print"},{"value":"1644-4124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]}}}