{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:07:55Z","timestamp":1793056075394,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low-grade inflammation occurring in obese individuals leads to many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary patterns, food groups or nutrients in a well-balanced diet may reduce the level of pro-inflammatory markers and the risk of obesity-related morbidities. Our study aims to describe three cytokines in obese patients in relation to dietary habits, lifestyle and body composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum samples were collected from 84 obese adult volunteer subjects [body mass index (BMI) \u2265 30 kg\/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt;] to analyze the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3). The subjects were tested by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and completed a three-day food diary and original questionnaire with the FFQ-6 food consumption frequency questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher serum levels of IL-6 and IFN-\u03b3 were found in patients with ath-\nerosclerosis, but the group was too small for a reliable correlation. Subcutaneous but not visceral ad-\nipose tissue correlated positively with IL-6 levels. Dietary factors such as amount of sugars, including\n\ngalactose and sucrose, in the diet and the frequency of consumption of sweet flavored dairy products\ncorrelated positively with the levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1, while the frequency of alcohol consumption\nnegatively correlated with the level of IL-6. The greater the frequency of sports, the higher was the level\nof IL-6. In obese individuals, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines could predispose to atherosclerosis\nand is associated with dietary factors and lifestyle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2024.138748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T05:32:51Z","timestamp":1713504771000},"page":"19-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of dietary and lifestyle factors\non levels of inflammatory markers\n(IL-6, IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1) in obese subjects"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Polak-Szczyby\u0142o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Tabarkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1535656","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.worldobesity.org\/resources\/resource-library\/world-obesity-atlas-653, 2022 (accessed on 5 January 2024)."},{"key":"ref-1535657","unstructured":"World Health Organization Home Page. 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