{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T21:09:51Z","timestamp":1784408991561,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although generalized edema is a rare adverse event after drugs or vaccinations, here we report a case of generalized edema with systemic inflammatory reaction clinically similar to incomplete systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), potentially triggered by COVID-19 immunization. The patient presented with generalized subcutaneous edema, a drop in blood pressure, elevated inflammatory biomarkers, and hypoalbuminemia after receiving the vaccine, with no other apparent cause than vaccination. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation revealed no specific underlying cause. She was treated with glucocorticosteroids successfully. This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare but severe adverse events associated with vaccinations. Given the widespread administration of COVID-19 vaccines, it is crucial to identify and understand such reactions to ensure timely diagnosis and management. Therefore, we review the existing cases of SCLS following COVID-19 vaccination. Our review highlights the need for heightened vigilance and further research into the mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced phenomena to improve patient outcomes and vaccine safety profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2025.149254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T03:02:58Z","timestamp":1746500578000},"page":"119-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incomplete systemic capillary leak syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination: a case-based review"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brygida","family":"Marczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Przenios\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Sawiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"\u017bmuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Korkosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1534070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.7326\/L21-0250","article-title":"Severe exacerbations of systemic capillary leak syndrome after covid-19 vaccination: A case series","volume":"174","author":"Matheny M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matheny M, Maleque N, Channell N, et al. (2021): Severe exacerbations of systemic capillary leak syndrome after covid-19 vaccination: A case series. Ann Intern Med 174: 1476-1478.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref-1534071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2711.211723","article-title":"Fatal systemic capillary leak syndrome after sars-cov-2 vaccination in patient with multiple myeloma","volume":"27","author":"Choi GJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi GJ, Baek SH, Kim J, et al. (2021): Fatal systemic capillary leak syndrome after sars-cov-2 vaccination in patient with multiple myeloma. Emerg Infect Dis 27: 2973-2975.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref-1534072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1341","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.211212","article-title":"Systemic capillary leak syndrome after ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 (Oxford\u2013AstraZeneca) vaccination","volume":"193","author":"Robichaud J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robichaud J, C\u00f4t\u00e9 C, C\u00f4t\u00e9 F (2021): Systemic capillary leak syndrome after ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 (Oxford\u2013AstraZeneca) vaccination. CMAJ 193: E1341-E1344.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref-1534073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-248927","article-title":"Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) after receiving BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine","volume":"15","author":"Inoue M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Inoue M, Yasue Y, Kobayashi Y, Sugiyama Y (2022): Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) after receiving BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine. BMJ Case Rep 15: 8-10.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref-1534074","first-page":"374","article-title":"Systemic capillary leak syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after COVID-19 vaccination: A scoping review in relation to a clinical case. Vol. 222","author":"Buj M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buj M, Morales-Varas G, Pedrosa-Guerrero A, Alonso-Ciria E (2022): Systemic capillary leak syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after COVID-19 vaccination: A scoping review in relation to a clinical case. Vol. 222. Revista clinica espanola. Spain; 374-376.","journal-title":"Revista clinica espanola"},{"key":"ref-1534075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16271","article-title":"Flare-up of generalized pustular psoriasis combined with systemic capillary leak syndrome after coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccination","volume":"49","author":"Yatsuzuka K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yatsuzuka K, Murakami M, Kuroo Y, et al. (2022): Flare-up of generalized pustular psoriasis combined with systemic capillary leak syndrome after coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccination. J Dermatol 49: 454-458.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref-1534076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907652","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.907652","article-title":"Generalized edema and pseudothrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccination: A case report","volume":"10","author":"Bokel J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bokel J, Mendes-de-Almeida DP, Martins-Gon\u00e7alves R, et al. (2022): Generalized edema and pseudothrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccination: A case report. Front Public Health 10: 907652.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref-1534077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34693","article-title":"COVID-19 infection triggered idiopathic capillary leak syndrome treated with ECMELLA","volume":"10","author":"Wester M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wester M, Drasch T, Schneckenpointner R, et al. (2024): COVID-19 infection triggered idiopathic capillary leak syndrome treated with ECMELLA. Heliyon 10: e34693.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref-1534078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2018.1456920","article-title":"Recognition and management of idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome: an evidence-based review","volume":"16","author":"Baloch NUA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baloch NUA, Bikak M, Rehman A, Rahman O (2018): Recognition and management of idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome: an evidence-based review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 16: 331-340.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"}],"container-title":["Central European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ceji.termedia.pl\/pdf-195946-129516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ceji.termedia.pl\/pdf-195946-129516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T08:28:57Z","timestamp":1767947337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ceji.termedia.pl\/Incomplete-systemic-capillary-leak-syndrome-after-COVID-19-vaccination-a-case-based,195946,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["195946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/ceji.2025.149254","relation":{},"ISSN":["1426-3912","1644-4124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1426-3912","type":"print"},{"value":"1644-4124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]}}}