{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T09:49:17Z","timestamp":1767952157267,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n To explore the mechanism of action of azithromycin on lung oxidative injury and immune function in mice infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) based on the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2\/antioxidant response element (Nrf2\/ARE) signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n The lung index, dry\/wet weight ratio, inflammatory factor levels in alveolar lavage fluid, serum contents of interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), oxidative stress\n\nmarkers, peripheral blood levels of T-lymphocyte subsets, pathological changes, and Nrf2, HO-1, and\nNQO1 expression were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Compared to the control group, the MP group exhibited elevated lung index, reduced lung\ndry\/wet weight ratio, elevated tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6 contents,\nreduced IL-10 levels, raised IFN-\u03b3, IgG and peripheral blood CD8+ levels, reduced CD3<sup>+<\/sup> and CD4<sup>+<\/sup>\nlevels, CD4<sup>+<\/sup>\/CD8<sup>+<\/sup> ratio, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activity, elevated\nmalondialdehyde (MDA) contents, destruction of lung tissue structure, elevated pathological scores,\nand diminished Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 levels. Compared with MP and MP + DMSO groups, MP\n+ azithromycin (AZI) and MP + sulforaphane (SFN) groups displayed a reduced lung index, elevated\nlung dry\/wet weight ratio, reduced TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 contents, raised IL-10 content, decreased\nIFN-\u03b3, IgG, and peripheral blood CD8<sup>+<\/sup> levels, increased CD3<sup>+<\/sup> and CD4<sup>+<\/sup> levels and CD4<sup>+<\/sup>\/CD8<sup>+<\/sup> ratio,\nraised SOD and GSH activity, and diminished MDA content. HE staining demonstrated improved lung\ntissue structure, diminished pathological scores, and upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 levels after\nazithromycin and SFN intervention compared to the MP group (all <i>p<\/i> < 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Azithromycin ameliorates MP infection-induced lung injury and oxidative stress and strengthens immune function in mice, which may be achieved by activating the Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2025.152018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:47:27Z","timestamp":1750229247000},"page":"304-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of azithromycin on lung oxidative injury and immune function in mice infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae based on the Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"given":"Qiuhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manzhou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huamin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donglan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1560924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goycochea-Valdivia WA, Ares Alvarez J, Conejo Fernan- dez AJ, et al. 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