{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T17:32:20Z","timestamp":1769275940325,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cent Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a\u00a0persistent inflammatory intestinal condition characterized by fluctuating disease activity (DA), with incompletely understood immunopathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis included employing flow cytometry to examine CD8+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the\u00a0intestinal mucosa (IM) and the\u00a0peripheral blood (PB) of\u00a0UC patients as well as healthy controls. We focused on the\u00a0presence of\u00a0the\u00a0HLA-DR activation indicator, the\u00a0PD-1 immune suppression component, and the\u00a0cytotoxic elements TRAIL, granzyme B, and perforin within CD8+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A\u00a0marked decline in the\u00a0levels of\u00a0IM CD8+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells with increasing UC DA was observed. The\u00a0immune status of\u00a0these cells transitioned from activation in individuals with moderate UC activity to suppression in those experiencing severe UC activity. Correspondingly, cytotoxicity, indicated by granzyme B and perforin levels, was impaired in patients with severe UC activity. Notably, the\u00a0proportions of\u00a0IM CD8+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells expressing granzyme B, PD-1, and HLA-DR were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate the\u00a0progression from immune activation to suppression and the\u00a0concomitant impairment of\u00a0cytotoxic activity in intestinal CD8+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells as DA increases in UC, which may have implications for disease monitoring and therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2025.153773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T12:46:46Z","timestamp":1760446006000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intestinal CD8+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells shift from immune activation to suppression, with concomitant impairment of cytotoxicity as disease activity increases in patients with ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoxiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhinong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1560519","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f8ivik ML, Moum B, Solberg IC, et al. 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