{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:34:40Z","timestamp":1789468480739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Kinetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to determine reference graphs of power spectral density functions of forearm physiological tremor and to compare their parameters in the male and female population of young athletes from various sports. One hundred fifty-nine (159) female (15.7 \u00b1 2.1 years, 59.8 \u00b1 8.1 kg, 169.1 \u00b1 7.5 cm) and 276 male (16.4 \u00b1 1.9 years 72.7 \u00b1 10.3 kg and 180.9 \u00b1 8.7 cm) youth athletes participated in the study. Forearm tremor was measured accelerometrically in a sitting position. Power spectrum density (PSD) function was calculated for each individual tremor waveform. Because of right skewness of power distribution, the PSD functions were subjected to logarithmic transformation. Average log-powers in low (2\u20134 Hz) and high (8\u201314 Hz) frequency ranges and mean frequencies in those ranges were analyzed. Tremor log-powers for male were greater than for female athletes (p &lt; 0.001), while frequencies of spectrum maxima did not differ from each other. Frequencies of spectrum maxima correlated (p &lt; 0.001) with age (r = 0.277 and 0.326 for males and females, respectively). The obtained reference functions may be utilized in order to quantify and assess tremor size and its changes evoked by stress and fatigue, which can be applied for selection and training monitoring in sports, but also in medicine for detection and diagnosis of pathologic tremor in young individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/159644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T14:05:29Z","timestamp":1676469929000},"page":"133-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reference Values of the Forearm Tremor Power Spectra for Youth Athletes"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2146-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Gajewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3905-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Mazur-R\u00f3\u017cycka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"G\u00f3rski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6456-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bu\u015bko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-804890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CBMS.2019.00135"},{"key":"ref-804891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121"},{"key":"ref-804892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2080-3"},{"key":"ref-804893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00051.2005"},{"key":"ref-804894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2014.01.002"},{"key":"ref-804895","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00778"},{"key":"ref-804896","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl190"},{"key":"ref-804897","unstructured":"Gajewski, J. (2006). Fatigue-induced changes in tremor caused by physical efforts of different volume and intensity.\u00a0Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics,\u00a08(2), 103\u2013110."},{"key":"ref-804898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1725"},{"key":"ref-804899","unstructured":"Growdon, W., Ghika, J., Henderson, J., Van Melle, G., Regli, F., Bogousslavsky, J., & Growdon, J. H. (2000). Effects of proximal and distal muscles' groups contraction and mental stress on the amplitude and frequency of physiological finger tremor. An accelerometric study.\u00a0Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology,\u00a040(5), 295\u2013303."},{"key":"ref-804900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.03.012"},{"key":"ref-804901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000612"},{"key":"ref-804902","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.226449"},{"key":"ref-804903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00078"},{"key":"ref-804904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.03.019"},{"key":"ref-804905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.10.1584"},{"key":"ref-804906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAuley, J. H., & Marsden, C. D. (2000). Physiological and pathological tremors and rhythmic central motor control.\u00a0Brain,\u00a0123(8), 1545\u20131567.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.8.1545"},{"key":"ref-804907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao, T., & Sakamoto, K. (1995). Effects of weight load on physiological tremor: the AR representation. Applied Human Science, 14(1), 7\u201313.","DOI":"10.2114\/ahs.14.7"},{"key":"ref-804908","unstructured":"Miao, T., & Sakamoto, K. (1997). An investigation of stretch reflex in physiological tremor. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 37(6), 343\u2013357."},{"key":"ref-804909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mon-L\u00f3pez, D., Zakynthinaki, M. S., Cordente, C. A., & Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez, J. (2019). The relationship between pistol Olympic shooting performance, handgrip and shoulder abduction strength. Journal of Human Kinetics, 69(1), 39\u201346.","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2019-0009"},{"key":"ref-804910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005884"},{"key":"ref-804911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2020.3046435"},{"key":"ref-804912","unstructured":"Raethjen, J., Lindemann, M., D\u00fcmpelmann, M., Wenzelburger, R., Stolze, H., Pfister, G., Elger, C. E., Timmer J., & Deuschl, G. (2002). Corticomuscular coherence in the 6\u201315 Hz band: is the cortex involved in the."},{"key":"ref-804913","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-001-0914-7"},{"key":"ref-804914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100476"},{"key":"ref-804915","unstructured":"Takanokura, M., & Sakamoto, K. (2005). Neuromuscular control of physiological tremor during elastic load.\u00a0Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research,\u00a011(4), CR143\u2013152."},{"key":"ref-804916","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/bhk-2021-0024"},{"key":"ref-804917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomczak, A., Gajewski, J., & Mazur\u2013R\u00f3\u017cycka, J. (2014). Changes in physiological tremor resulting from sleep deprivation under conditions of increasing fatigue during prolonged military training.\u00a0Biology of Sport,\u00a031(4), 303\u2013308.","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1127343"},{"key":"ref-804918","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00926.2012"},{"key":"ref-804919","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viitasalo, J. T., & Gajewski, J. (1994). 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