{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:44:58Z","timestamp":1773877498977,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Kinetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the relationship between coaches' behavior and athletes' engagement and disaffection in the Chinese sports training context, and examined the mediating role of basic mental needs and psychological capital. Athletes (N = 485) completed a questionnaire to assess the study variables. The results showed significant direct influence of coach supportive behavior on athletes' training engagement and coach controlling behavior on athletes' training disaffection. In addition, Bootstrap analyses highlighted the significant mediating role of basic mental needs and psychological capital in the relationship between coaches' behavior (supportive and controlling behavior) and athletes' training engagement and disaffection. Findings support theoretical hypotheses emphasizing that coaches should enhance supportive behaviors and reduce controlling behaviors in Chinese youth basketball training, which is not only of great significance to cultivate athletes' positive psychological capital, but also of great importance to promote athletes' engagement as well as avoid disaffected emotions and behaviors during training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/209808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T14:57:31Z","timestamp":1763996251000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Coach Behaviors on Training Engagement and Disaffection of Chinese Youth Male Basketball Players: The Role of Basic Psychological Needs and Psychological Capital"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"given":"Yuanchang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianyu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junxing","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1597759","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ab\u00f3s, \u00c1., Murillo, M., Sevil-Serrano, J., & Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez, L. (2023). How coaches\u2019 need-supportive and controlling behaviors are related to different (mal) adaptive outcomes in water polo players: A person-centered approach. Current Psychology, 42(10), 8085\u20138096.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02101-y"},{"key":"ref-1597760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., Fontaine, J., Haerens, L., & Reeve, J. (2019). Towards a fine-grained understanding of need-supportive and need-thwarting teaching: The merits of a gradual approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(3), 497\u2013521.","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000293"},{"key":"ref-1597761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexe, D. I., C\u00eerti\u0163\u0103, B. C., Toh\u0103nean, D. I., Larion, A., Alexe, C. I., Dragos, P., & Burgue\u00f1o, R. (2023). Interpersonal behaviors questionnaire in sport: Psychometric analysis with Romanian professional athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 130(1), 497\u2013519.","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125221135669"},{"key":"ref-1597762","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartholomew, K., Ntoumanis, N., & Th\u00f8gersen-Ntoumani, C. (2010). The Controlling Interpersonal Style in a Coaching Context: Development and Initial Validation of a Psychometric Scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32, 193\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.32.2.193"},{"key":"ref-1597763","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e9dard Thom, C., Guay, F., & Trottier, C. (2021). Mental toughness in sport: The goal-expectancy-self-control (Ges) Model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(6), 627\u2013643.","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200.2020.1808736"},{"key":"ref-1597764","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burhanuddin, N. A. N., Ahmad, N. A., Said, R. R., & Asimiran, S. (2022). The Alchemy of Coaching: Psychological Capital as HERO within Coaches\u2019 Selves. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12020.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912020"},{"key":"ref-1597765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C. M., Huang, H. C., Huang, F. M., & Hsieh, H. H. (2019). A Multilevel Analysis of Coaches' Paternalistic Leadership on Burnout in Taiwanese Athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126(2), 286\u2013304.","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512518819937"},{"key":"ref-1597766","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, T. L., Zhang, X. X., Lee, J., & Zhang, T. (2021). Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes' physical activity during sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(1), 70\u201380.","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954120959733"},{"key":"ref-1597767","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curran, T., & Standage, M. (2017). Psychological needs and the quality of student engagement in physical education: Teachers as key facilitators. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 36(3), 262\u2013276.","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.2017-0065"},{"key":"ref-1597768","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curran, T., Hill, A. P., Ntoumanis, N., Hall, H. K., & Jowett, G. E. (2016). A three-wave longitudinal test of self-determination theory\u2019s mediation model of engagement and disaffection in youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(1), 15\u201329.","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2015-0016"},{"key":"ref-1597769","unstructured":"Curran, T., Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K., & Jowett, G. E. (2014). Perceived coach behaviors and athletes' engagement and disaffection in youth sport: The mediating role of the psychological needs. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45(6), 559\u2013580."},{"key":"ref-1597770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deci, E.L., Olafsen, A.H. & Ryan, R.M. (2017), \u201cSelf-determination theory in work organizations: the state of a science\u201d. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19\u2013 43.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108"},{"key":"ref-1597771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Muynck, G. J., Soenens, B., Waterschoot, J., Degraeuwe, L., Vande Broek, G., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2019). Towards a more refined insight in the critical motivating features of choice: An experimental study among recreational rope skippers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 45, 11.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2019.101561"},{"key":"ref-1597772","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Albuquerque, L. R., Scheeren, E. M., Vagetti, G. C., & de Oliveira, V. (2021). Influence of the Coach's Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 20(1), 9\u201316.","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2021.9"},{"key":"ref-1597773","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"deBeaudrap, H.L., Dunn, J., & Holt, N. (2017). Female varsity athletes\u2019 perceptions of how they became optimistic in sport. Sport Psychologist, 31(1), 30\u201341.","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.2015-0132"},{"key":"ref-1597774","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Corrado, D., Sagone, E., Buscemi, A., & Coco, M. (2023). The relationship between anger expression and performance score in parents and coaches: the mediating role of self-efficacy and assertiveness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5372.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20075372"},{"key":"ref-1597775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"di Luzio, S. S., Martinent, G., Guillet\u2013Descas, E., & Daigle, M. P. (2020). Exploring the Role of Sport Sense of Community in Perceived Athlete Burnout, Sport Motivation, and Engagement. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(5), 513\u2013528.","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200.2019.1575298"},{"key":"ref-1597776","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenton, S. A. M., Duda, J. L., & Barrett, T. (2016). Optimising physical activity engagement during youth sport: a self-determination theory approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(19), 1874\u20131884.","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1142104"},{"key":"ref-1597777","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fransen, K., Boen, F., Vansteenkiste, M., Mertens, N., & Vande Broek, G. (2018). The power of competence support: The impact of coaches and athlete leaders on intrinsic motivation and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports, 28(2), 725\u2013745.","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12950"},{"key":"ref-1597778","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.08.013"},{"key":"ref-1597779","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103\u2013128 .","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640"},{"key":"ref-1597780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M., Oja, B. D., Han, S. K., & Chin, J. H. (2020). Developing Student\u2013Athlete School Satisfaction and Psychological Well\u2013Being: The Effects of Academic Psychological Capital and Engagement. Journal of Sport Management, 34(4), 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1123\/jsm.2020-0091"},{"key":"ref-1597781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, C. P., Hsieh, H. H., Chang, C. M., & Ni, F. T. (2020). The role of psychological capital in athletic performance and career development of adolescent baseball players in Taiwan. Sustainability, 12(18), 7652.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12187652"},{"key":"ref-1597782","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, T. I., Wang, M. Y., Huang, B. R., Hsu, C. Y., & Chien, C. Y. (2022). Effects of psychological capital and sport anxiety on sport performance in collegiate judo athletes. American Journal of Health Behavior, 46(2), 197\u2013208.","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.46.2.9"},{"key":"ref-1597783","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C. X., Ivarsson, A., Lam, L. T., & Sun, J. (2019). Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration, Stress, and Sports Injury Among University Athletes: A Four-Wave Prospective Survey. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00665"},{"key":"ref-1597784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0997"},{"key":"ref-1597785","unstructured":"Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2015). Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford University Press, USA."},{"key":"ref-1597786","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDowell, J., Huang, Y. K., & Caza, A. (2018). Does identity matter? An investigation of the effects of authentic leadership on student-athletes\u2019 psychological capital and engagement. Journal of Sport Management, 32(3), 227\u2013242.","DOI":"10.1123\/jsm.2017-0241"},{"key":"ref-1597787","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-S\u00e1nchez, V., Crespillo-Jurado, M., Jim\u00e9nez-L\u00f3pez, D., Morillo-Baro, J. P., Hern\u00e1ndez-Mendo, A., & Reigal, R. E. (2020). Relationships between Controlling Interpersonal Coaching Style, Basic Psychological Need Thwarting, and Burnout, in Adolescent Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4909.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134909"},{"key":"ref-1597788","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murillo, M., Ab\u00f3s, \u00c1., Sevil\u2013Serrano, J., Burgue\u00f1o, R., & Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez, L. (2022). Influence of coaches\u2019 motivating style on motivation, and sport commitment of young water polo players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(6), 1283\u20131294.","DOI":"10.1177\/17479541221116439"},{"key":"ref-1597789","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patall, E. A., Steingut, R. R., Vasquez, A. C., Trimble, S. S., Pituch, K. A., & Freeman, J. L. (2018). Daily Autonomy Supporting or Thwarting and Students' Motivation and Engagement in the High School Science Classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(2), 269\u2013288.","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000214"},{"key":"ref-1597790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson, J., Rayner, R., Carey, D. L., O'Grady, M., & Talpey, S. W. (2025). The Influence of Contextual Variables on Training Load Prescription in Basketball: An Example of a Professional Australian Men's Basketball Team. Journal of Human Kinetics, 96(Spec Issue), 177\u2013186.","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/202812"},{"key":"ref-1597791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plessis, C., & Altintas, E. (2024).We can be heroes at work: The relationship between psychological capital, motivation and well\u2013being during the great resignation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 37(3), 581\u2013602.","DOI":"10.1108\/JOCM-06-2023-0240"},{"key":"ref-1597792","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podlog, L., Gustafsson, H., Skoog, T., Gao, Z., Westin, M., Werner, S., & Alricsson, M. (2015). Need satisfaction, motivation, and engagement among high\u2013performance youth athletes: A multiple mediation analysis. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(4), 415\u2013433.","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2014.999346"},{"key":"ref-1597793","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rocchi, M., Pelletier, L., & Desmarais, P. (2017). The validity of the Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire (IBQ) in sport. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 21(1), 15\u201325.","DOI":"10.1080\/1091367X.2016.1242488"},{"key":"ref-1597794","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Medell\u00edn, R., Zamarripa, J., Marentes\u2013Castillo, M., Otero\u2013Saborido, F., Ba\u00f1os, R., & Morquecho-S\u00e1nchez, R. (2020). Mexican validation of the engagement and disaffection in physical education scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1821.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17061821"},{"key":"ref-1597795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynders, B., Van Puyenbroeck, S., Ceulemans, E., Vansteenkiste, M., & Vande Broek, G. (2020). How do profiles of need-supportive and controlling coaching relate to team athletes\u2019 motivational outcomes? A person\u2013centered approach. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 42(6), 452\u2013462.","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2019-0317"},{"key":"ref-1597796","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynders, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Van Puyenbroeck, S., Aelterman, N., De Backer, M., Delrue, J., ... & Vande Broek, G. (2019). Coaching the coach: Intervention effects on need-supportive coaching behavior and athlete motivation and engagement. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 43, 288\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2019.04.002"},{"key":"ref-1597797","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press.","DOI":"10.1521\/978.14625\/28806"},{"key":"ref-1597798","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoemann, A. M., Boulton, A. J., & Short, S. D. (2017). Determining power and sample size for simple and complex mediation models. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 379\u2013386.","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550617715068"},{"key":"ref-1597799","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sevil-Serrano, J., Abos, A., Diloy-Pena, S., Egea, P. L., & Garcia-Gonzalez, L. (2021). The Influence of the Coach's Autonomy Support and Controlling Behaviours on Motivation and Sport Commitment of Youth Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168699"},{"key":"ref-1597800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sparks, C., Dimmock, J., Whipp, P., Lonsdale, C., & Jackson, B. (2015). \"Getting Connected\": High School Physical Education Teacher Behaviors That Facilitate Students' Relatedness Support Perceptions. Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 219\u2013236.","DOI":"10.1037\/spy0000039"},{"key":"ref-1597801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, W., & Zhao, D. (2023). Development and validation of the Chinese coaches\u2019 interpersonal style scale. Frontiers In Psychology, 14, 1290549.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1290549"},{"key":"ref-1597802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trigueros, R., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Cangas-Diaz, A. J., Fernandez-Batanero, J. M., Manas, M. A., Arias, V. B., & Lopez-Liria, R. (2019). The influence of the trainer on the motivation and resilience of sportspeople: A study from the perspective of self-determination theory. PLoS One, 14(8), 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221461"},{"key":"ref-1597803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Berghe, L., Tallir, I. B., Cardon, G., Aelterman, N., & Haerens, L. (2015). Student (Dis)Engagement and Need-Supportive Teaching Behavior: A Multi-Informant and Multilevel Approach. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 37(4), 353\u2013366.","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2014-0150"},{"key":"ref-1597804","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17408989.2015.1115008"},{"key":"ref-1597805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega-D\u00edaz, M., & Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, H. (2025). Do Parenting Styles Influence Mental Toughness and Sportsmanship in Young Athletes? A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Journal of Human Kinetics, 95, 243\u2013257.","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/188541"},{"key":"ref-1597806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zamarripa, J., Rodr\u00edguez-Medell\u00edn, R., & Otero-Saborido, F. (2021). Basic psychological needs, motivation, engagement, and disaffection in Mexican students during physical education classes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 41(3), 436\u2013445.","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.2021-0006"},{"key":"ref-1597807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Lyu, B., Wu, J., Li, W., & Zhang, K. (2023). Effect of boxers\u2019 social support on mental fatigue: chain mediating effects of coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience. Work, 76(4), 1465\u20131479.","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-220478"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Kinetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jhk.termedia.pl\/pdf-209808-132346","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jhk.termedia.pl\/pdf-209808-132346","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T14:57:46Z","timestamp":1763996266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jhk.termedia.pl\/Effects-of-Coach-Behaviors-on-Training-Engagement-and-Disaffection-of-Chinese-Youth,209808,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["209808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/jhk\/209808","relation":{},"ISSN":["1640-5544","1899-7562"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1640-5544","type":"print"},{"value":"1899-7562","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]}}}