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In a\u00a0retrospective analysis of\u00a0179 surgically removed parathyroid glands (102 adenomas; 27 PPH; 45 normal glands; 5 carcinomas), expression of\u00a0Ki-67, p21, p27, p53, cyclin D1, Bcl-2 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin (CK) 19, E-cadherin, CD56, CD44 and parafibromin was detected by immunohistochemistry, followed by computer-assisted assessment of\u00a0mean values and heterogeneity measures. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. Significant differences were disclosed regarding the\u00a0mean and highest fraction of\u00a0Ki-67 (both p &lt; 0.001), p21 (both p &lt; 0.001), cyclin D1 (p = 0.002) and p27-expressing cells (p = 0.010). Proliferative lesions (PPH, adenoma and carcinoma) showed statistically significantly up-regulated CK19 (p = 0.012), decreased E-cadherin levels and distinctive patterns of\u00a0vimentin. CD44, CD56 and p53 were almost absent from parathyroid tissues. All carcinomas lacked parafibromin contrasting with invariable positivity in adenomas. Remarkable heterogeneity of\u00a0cell cycle markers and intermediate filaments must be accounted for in scientific studies and elaboration of\u00a0diagnostic cut-offs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/pjp.2021.109513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:16:41Z","timestamp":1776691001000},"page":"99-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular profile of parathyroid tissues and tumours: a heterogeneous landscape"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Romans","family":"Uljanovs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilze","family":"Strumfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guntis","family":"Bahs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liga","family":"Vidusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Merkurjeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivanda","family":"Franckevica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boriss","family":"Strumfs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1694565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majcen M, Hocevar M. 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