{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:50:29Z","timestamp":1782215429849,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pol J Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathologist Simon Samuel, one of the pioneers in the field of the autonomic nervous system during the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; century, contributed significantly to the understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying inflammation. The remarkable advances in that field around the mid-19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; century fundamentally influenced future research of the last 170 years. In fact these findings are still connected with many novel studies on pathology today. Albert Eulenburg (1840\u20131917) is another scientist who contributed to the former advances in the autonomic nervous system and who closely cooperated with Samuel. Both scientists published articles and reviews in the German journal Schmidt\u2019s yearbooks edited by J. A. Winter (1816\u20131901). It is remarkable that Johann Ignaz Hoppe (1811\u20131891), an even earlier pioneer of the autonomic nervous system, also wrote articles for the same journal and obviously had influenced Samuel. Although regulations discriminating Jewish academics existed in Prussia (and later in the German Empire) until approximately 1888, Samuel was finally made assistant professor (au\u00dferordentlicher Professor) at K\u00f6nigsberg University (today Kaliningrad\/Russian Federation) in 1874. An embarrassingly low position compared to the significance of his scientific contributions and to the implications of his work on future generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/pjp.2025.149441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T08:43:13Z","timestamp":1744620193000},"page":"47-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On interactions between fever, inflammation, \nand the\u00a0autonomic nervous system"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Beato","family":"Suwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1688468","unstructured":"Samuel S. Die trophischen Nerven. Ein Beitrag zur Physiologie und Pathologie. Otto Wiegand, Leipzig 1860."},{"key":"ref-1688469","unstructured":"Samuel S. Ueber die Rolle der Dr\u00fcsennerven. Article review of \u2018Bernard C. Gaz de Paris 1860; 13 Soc. de Biol.\u2018 Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1860; 108: 289-290."},{"key":"ref-1688470","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Schleiss Av. Einfluss der Nerventh\u00e4tigkeit auf den Entz\u00fcndungsvorgang. Aerztliches Intelligenz-Blatt. Herausgegeben vom st\u00e4ndigen Ausschusse Bayerischer \u00c4rzte 1860, 5: 53-56.\u2018 Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 109: 219-220."},{"key":"ref-1688471","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Bernard C. Allgemeiner Kreislauf und besondere Kreisl\u00e4ufe. Vasomotorischer Einfluss des Sympathicus. Allgemeine Wiener medizinische Zeitung. In four parts: 1860; 5: 326-327, 1860; 5: 334-335, 1860; 5: 344-345, 1860; 5: 357-358.\u2018 Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1862; 116: 292-294."},{"key":"ref-1688472","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Bernard C. Abdominalkreislauf, Antagonismus des Sympathicus und des Vagus. Allgemeine Wiener medizinische Zeitung. In three parts: 1860; 5: 387-388, 1860; 5: 420-421, 1860; 5: 429-430.\u2018 Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1862; 116: 294-295."},{"key":"ref-1688473","unstructured":"Samuel S. Book review of \u2018Brown-S\u00e9quard CE. Lectures on the diagnosis and treatment of the principal forms of paralysis of the lower extremities. Williams and Norgate, London 1861.\u2018 Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1862; 116: 348-350."},{"key":"ref-1688474","unstructured":"Pagel J. Biographisches Lexikon hervorragender \u00c4rzte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Berlin and Vienna 1901. \u201cCanstatt, Karl Friedrich\u201d Columns 303-304. \u201cEulenburg, Albert\u201d Columns 477-478. \u201cFrerichs, Friedrich Theodor von\u201d Columns 543-545. \u201cHoppe, Johann Ignaz\u201d Column 778. \u201cMueller, Johannes\u201d Columns 1166-1169. \u201cPastau, Julius August Hellmuth Eugen von\u201d Column 1262. \u201cRemak, Robert\u201d Columns 1361-1362. \u201cSamuel, Simon\u201dColumns 1472-1473. \u201cSchoenlein, Johannes Lucas\u201d Columns 1522-1524. \u201cVirchow, Rudolf\u201d Columns 1774-1777. \u201cWinter, Johann Adolf\u201d Columns 1865-1866. \u201cWittich, Wilhelm von\u201dColumn 1869."},{"key":"ref-1688475","unstructured":"Hoppe JI. Ueber das spontane Erbrechen nach der Durchschneidung der N. vagi. Wochenschrift f\u00fcr die gesammte Heilkunde 1840; (46): 733-740 from 14 November 1840."},{"key":"ref-1688476","unstructured":"Hoppe JI. Die Nervenwirkungen der Heilmittel. In four volumes: 1st volume published 1855, 2nd volume published 1856, 3rd volume published 1856, 4th volume published 1857. Hermann Bethmann, Leipzig 1857."},{"key":"ref-1688477","unstructured":"Eulenburg A, Guttmann P. Die Pathologie des Sympathicus auf physiologischer Grundlage. August Hirschwald, Berlin 1873."},{"key":"ref-1688478","unstructured":"Eulenburg A, Samuel S (eds.). Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Therapie und der therapeutischen Methodik. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Leipzig and Vienna 1899."},{"key":"ref-1688479","unstructured":"Eulenburg A. (ed.). Real-Encyclop\u00e4die der gesammten Heilkunde. Vienna: Urban and Schwarzenberg, Vienna 1883. First edition, in 15 volumes."},{"key":"ref-1688480","unstructured":"Eulenburg A. Paul Guttmann. Sein Leben und Wirken. Seine Schriften. Zur Erinnerung f\u00fcr seine Freunde. (Obituary). August Hirschwald, Berlin 1893; 15."},{"key":"ref-1688481","unstructured":"Samuel S. Handbuch der allgemeinen Pathologie als pathologische Physiologie. Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1879. All four sections, 947 pages."},{"key":"ref-1688482","unstructured":"Samuel S. De Vi Nervorum ad Vasa Temperaturam et Secretiones. (Dissertation). Jacoby, Berlin 1855. 30 pages."},{"key":"ref-1688483","unstructured":"Samuel S. Book review of \u2018Pouchet TA. H\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9nie, ou trait\u00e9 de la generation spontan\u00e9e bas\u00e9 sur de nouvelles experiences. J. B. Bailli\u00e9re et fils, Paris 1859. \u2018Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1860; 108: 104-109."},{"key":"ref-1688484","unstructured":"Samuel S. Ueber die Verbindung der sensiblen und motorischen Nervenfasern. Article review of \u2018Ambrosoli C. Presse m\u00e9d 1860; 32. \u2018Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1860; 108: 289."},{"key":"ref-1688485","unstructured":"Samuel S. Bericht \u00fcber die 35. Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte zu K\u00f6nigsberg vom 16. \u2013 21. September 1860. Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1860; 108: 391-397."},{"key":"ref-1688486","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Hoffmann. Zur Theorie der Entz\u00fcndung. Aerztliches Intelligenz-Blatt. Herausgegeben vom st\u00e4ndigen Ausschusse Bayerischer \u00c4rzte 1860; 5: 449-454.\u2018 Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 109: 220."},{"key":"ref-1688487","unstructured":"Samuel S. Zur Fieberlehre. Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 109: 220-224."},{"key":"ref-1688488","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Liebermeister. Physiologische Untersuchungen \u00fcber die quantitativen Ver\u00e4nderungen der W\u00e4rmeproduktion. Archiv f\u00fcr Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin. In three parts: 1860: 520-541, 1860: 589-623, 1861: 28-41. \u2018Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1862: 116: 295-296."},{"key":"ref-1688489","unstructured":"Samuel S. Der Entz\u00fcndungsprozess. F. C. W. Vogel, Leipzig 1873."},{"key":"ref-1688490","unstructured":"Samuel S. Ueber die Entstehung der Eigenw\u00e4rme und des Fiebers. Experimental-Untersuchung. F. C. W. Vogel, Leipzig 1876."},{"key":"ref-1688491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuel S. Versuche \u00fcber die Blutcirculation in der acuten Entz\u00fcndung. Archiv f\u00fcr pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und f\u00fcr klinische Medizin 1867; 40: 213-224.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783112392409-007"},{"key":"ref-1688492","unstructured":"Winter JA. Lebenserinnerungen eines Jubeldoctor der Medicin und Philosophie. Friedrich Gr\u00f6ber, Leipzig 1901."},{"key":"ref-1688493","unstructured":"Becker C. \u201cJohann Adolph Winter\u201d. In: S\u00e4chsische Biografie. Institut f\u00fcr S\u00e4chsische Geschichte und Volkskunde e. V. Available from: https:\/\/saebi.isgv.de\/biografie\/17899 (accessed: 27.08.2024)."},{"key":"ref-1688494","unstructured":"] M\u00f6bius PJ, Dippe H. Johann Adolph Winter. (Obituary). Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1901; 272: 112."},{"key":"ref-1688495","unstructured":"Winter JA. Hermann Eberhard Richter. (Obituary). Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1876; 170: 374-376."},{"key":"ref-1688496","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Menner A. Ueber einige anatomisch-physiologische Verh\u00e4ltnisse des Gehirns. Allgemeine Wiener medizinische Zeitung 1860; 5: 254-256. Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 109: 28-29."},{"key":"ref-1688497","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Harless E. Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Muskelstarre. Vorl\u00e4ufige Mitteilungen. Aerztliches Intelligenz-Blatt. Herausgegeben vom st\u00e4ndigen Ausschusse Bayerischer \u00c4rzte 1860; 5: 467-470. \u2018Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 109: 165."},{"key":"ref-1688498","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Harless E. Das Problem der Erm\u00fcdung und Erholung. Aerztliches Intelligenz-Blatt. Herausgegeben vom st\u00e4ndigen Ausschusse Bayerischer \u00c4rzte 1861; 6: 1-3. \u2018Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 111: 360-361."},{"key":"ref-1688499","unstructured":"Samuel S. Ueber die Regeneration der von ihren Centren getrennten Nerven. Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 112: 11-14."},{"key":"ref-1688500","unstructured":"Samuel S. Article review of \u2018Goltz F. Zur Lehre von den Funktionen des R\u00fcckenmarks der Fr\u00f6sche. K\u00f6nigsberger Medizinische Jahrb\u00fccher 1860; 2: 189-226. \u2018Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1861; 112: 273-275."},{"key":"ref-1688501","unstructured":"Samuel S. Die Muskelcontraktion in ihren Beziehungen zur thierischen W\u00e4rme. Article review of \u2018Beclard J. 1861. Arch Gen 1861; 5: 21. From January-March. \u2018Schmidts Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medicin 1862; 116: 295."},{"key":"ref-1688502","unstructured":"Pfau KF. \u201cWigand, Otto\u201d. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 1897; 42: 457-458. Available from: https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd117357944.html#adbcontent (accessed: 27.08.2024)."},{"key":"ref-1688503","unstructured":"Forstreuter K. \u201cHartung\u201d. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 1969; 8: 9. Available from: https:\/\/www.deutsche-biographie.de\/pnd139841474.html#ndbcontent (accessed: 27.08.2024)."},{"key":"ref-1688504","unstructured":"Ku\u00dfmaul A. Aus meiner Dozentenzeit in Heidelberg. (Published post mortem by Czerny V.). Adolf Bonz and Co, Stuttgart 1903; 85-86."},{"key":"ref-1688505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarcho S. Simon Samuel (1867) on Inflammation \u2013 I. Am J Cardiol 1972; 29: 860-862.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90507-3"},{"key":"ref-1688506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarcho S. Simon Samuel (1867) on Inflammation \u2013 II. Am J Cardiol 1972; 30: 274-276.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90071-9"},{"key":"ref-1688507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frishman WH. Beta-adrenergic blockers as cardioprotective agents. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 21-61.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90258-Z"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.polishjournalofpathology.com\/pdf-196872-136530","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.polishjournalofpathology.com\/pdf-196872-136530","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:10:56Z","timestamp":1782213056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.polishjournalofpathology.com\/On-interactions-between-fever-inflammation-r-nand-the-autonomic-nervous-system,196872,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["196872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/pjp.2025.149441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1233-9687","2084-9869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1233-9687","type":"print"},{"value":"2084-9869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]}}}