{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:53:44Z","timestamp":1780469624571,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pol J Radiol"],"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>The aim of the study was to analyse the value of 2 different diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques (echo-planar imaging [EPI] and on-echo-planar imaging [non-EPI]) in the diagnosis of cholesteatoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and methods<\/jats:title>Our material consisted of 32 subjects suspected of cholesteatoma, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone using both EPI and non-EPI DWI. Two independent readers retrospectively analysed magnetic resonance images. Intra- and interobserver agreements as well sensitivity, specificity, and negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values of both DWI sequences were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Using non-EPI DWI all cholesteatomas were correctly diagnosed by both readers with no false negative nor inconclusive cases and with only one false positive result. Non-EPI DWI revealed high interobserver agreement (\u03ba = 1) and high correlation with histopathological results <i>(r<\/i> = 0.895). EPI DWI misdiagnosed 27-31% of cholesteatomas (false negative results), showing also significantly low interobserver agreement (\u03ba = 0.373) and low correlation with histopathological results (<i>r<\/i> = 0.328 for reader 1 and <i>r<\/i> = 0.267 for reader 2). Non-EPI DWI revealed very high sensitivity (100%), specificity (83.3%), NPV (100%), and PPV (96.3%) in comparison to EPI DWI, which showed lower sensitivity (69.2%), specificity (66.6-83.3%), NPV (33.3-38.4%), and PPV (90.0-94.7%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Non-EPI DWI with high sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver agreement is a very reliable technique in detecting middle ear cholesteatoma regardless of the pre- or postoperative state of the ear, and it should entirely replace EPI DWI in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2022.113194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T11:29:14Z","timestamp":1643714954000},"page":"51-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The value of different diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance techniques in the diagnosis of middle ear cholesteatoma. Is there still an indication for echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging?"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"Piekarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Zato\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Kolator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Bladowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"S\u0105siadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zimny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1156062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2052","article-title":"Neuroradiology of cholesteatomas","volume":"32","author":"Bar\u00e1th K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bar\u00e1th K, Huber AM, St\u00e4mpfli P, et al. Neuroradiology of cholesteatomas. Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32: 221-229.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref-1156063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000490255","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: the silent pathology","volume":"80","author":"Mostafa BE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mostafa BE, El Fiky L. Congenital cholesteatoma: the silent pathology. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2018; 80: 108-116.","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"ref-1156064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3875-3","article-title":"Management of epi-and mesotympanic cholesteatomas by one-stage trans-canal atticotomy in adults","volume":"273","author":"Bernardeschi D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bernardeschi D, Russo FY, Nguyen Y, et al. Management of epi-and mesotympanic cholesteatomas by one-stage trans-canal atticotomy in adults. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273: 2941-2946.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref-1156065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000812","article-title":"Assessment of mass effect sign at high-resolution computed tomography in prediction of cholesteatoma","volume":"43","author":"Gamaleldin OA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gamaleldin OA, Elsebaie NA, Khalifa MH, et al. Assessment of mass effect sign at high-resolution computed tomography in prediction of cholesteatoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2019; 43: 288-293.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"ref-1156066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v9.i5.217","article-title":"Diffusion weighted imaging for the detection and evaluation of cholesteatoma","volume":"9","author":"Henninger B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henninger B, Kremser C. Diffusion weighted imaging for the detection and evaluation of cholesteatoma. World J Radiol 2017; 9: 217-222.","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"ref-1156067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2015.447","article-title":"Value of echo-planar diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting tympanomastoid cholesteatoma","volume":"11","author":"Yi\u011fiter AC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yi\u011fiter AC, P\u0131nar E, \u0130mre A, et al. Value of echo-planar diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting tympanomastoid cholesteatoma. J Int Adv Otol 2015; 11: 53-57.","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"key":"ref-1156068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2381041649","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MR imaging sequence in the detection of postoperative recurrent cholesteatoma","volume":"238","author":"Dubrulle F","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dubrulle F, Souillard R, Chechin D, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging sequence in the detection of postoperative recurrent cholesteatoma. Radiology 2006; 238: 604-610.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref-1156069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0160-2","article-title":"The value of diffusionweighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of primary acquired and residual cholesteatoma: a surgical verified study of 100 patients","volume":"16","author":"Vercruysse JP","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vercruysse JP, De Foer B, Pouillon M, et al. The value of diffusionweighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of primary acquired and residual cholesteatoma: a surgical verified study of 100 patients. Eur Radiol 2006; 16: 1461-1467.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref-1156070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091140","article-title":"Middle ear cholesteatoma: non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging versus delayed gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging\u2013value in detection","volume":"255","author":"De Foer B","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Foer B, Vercruysse JP, Bernaerts A, et al. Middle ear cholesteatoma: non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging versus delayed gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging\u2013value in detection. 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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 154: 233-240.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref-1156076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2824","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of residual and\/or recurrent cholesteatoma of the temporal bone","volume":"33","author":"Dremmen MHG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dremmen MHG, Hofman PAM, Hof JR, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of residual and\/or recurrent cholesteatoma of the temporal bone. Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33: 439-444.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref-1156077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.894155","article-title":"Computed tomography staging of middle ear cholesteatoma","volume":"80","author":"Razek AA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Razek AA, Ghonim MR, Ashraf B. 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