{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:14:10Z","timestamp":1789578850684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pol J Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Initial clinical experience with COVID-19 vaccination suggests that approved COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce a\u00a0strong immune response and thus cause a\u00a0significantly higher incidence of axillary lymphadenopathy compared with other vaccines. It can therefore be expected to complicate the diagnosis of patients with overt or suspected mali\u00adgnancy, in whom it may be indistinguishable from malignant node involvement. There is a\u00a0need for guidelines on the appropriate management of unilateral axillary lymph node enlargement. This article studies the available reports on vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy. It also presents a\u00a0basic strategy for the assessment of axillary lymphadenopathy based on preliminary recommendations and an algorithm. According to these recommendations, screening should be scheduled before or at least 4-6 weeks after the last dose of the vaccine. This will allow reactive adenopathy to resolve and avoid unnecessary and costly axillary lymph node biopsy. Clear and effective communication between patients, radiologists, referring physician teams, and the general public is the way forward in the management of adenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination.&lt;br \/&gt;\nHerein we present 5 cases of lymph node enlargement after mRNA vaccine administration from different authors. Their initial radiological diagnosis raised concerns that they might be metastases.  Therefore, radiologists need to include COVID-19 vaccination in the differential diagnosis of patients with unilateral axillary adenopathy. Short-term follow-up of unilateral axillary adenopathy with recent COVID-19 vaccination is an appropriate recommendation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2022.117560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T06:54:47Z","timestamp":1657608887000},"page":"304-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lymphadenopathy in the era of COVID-19 vaccination \u2013 an oncological dilemma in diagnostic imaging"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Jakub","family":"Samkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Sklinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy Micha\u0142","family":"Walecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1154053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2020_202"},{"key":"ref-1154054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.01.020","article-title":"mRNA as a transformative technology for vaccine development to control infectious diseases","volume":"27","author":"Maruggi G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maruggi G, Zhang C, Li J, et al. mRNA as a transformative technology for vaccine development to control infectious diseases. 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