{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:22:09Z","timestamp":1762273329457,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reumatologia"],"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>The\u00a0importance of\u00a0the\u00a0kynurenine pathway in normal immune system function has led to an appreciation of\u00a0its possible contribution to autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The\u00a0aim of\u00a0the\u00a0study was to evaluate the\u00a0effect of\u00a0treatment with tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) inhibitors on the\u00a0activity of\u00a0the\u00a0kynurenine pathway in patients with RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and methods<\/jats:title>This was an investigator-initiated, prospective, observational study. The\u00a0study was performed on 30 RA patients (Caucasian, 11 male, 19 female; mean age 45 \u00b116 years) treated with TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors. All patients were assessed before and after 6 months of\u00a0therapy. \nAs a\u00a0control group, age- and sex-matched, 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. Disease activity was evaluated by the\u00a0Modified Disease Activity Score with 28-joint count (DAS28). Inflammatory markers were assessed routinely by the\u00a0hospital central laboratory. Serum concentrations of\u00a0kynu\u00adrenine, serotonin and tryptophan were measured with specific immunoassays. To estimate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The\u00a0results of\u00a0our study showed changes in tryptophan metabolism in RA patients, compared with healthy controls. Surprisingly, RA patients had statistically significant decreased kynu\u00adrenine-to-tryptophan ratio (p = 0.003), which could indicate diminished IDO activation in RA. Moreover, we found no significant changes in kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio after treated with TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors (p = 0.490), despite disease remission. Additionally, tryptophan metabolism activity did not correlate with objective markers of\u00a0inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The\u00a0RA patients had altered tryptophan metabolism, compared with healthy controls. The\u00a0mechanisms affecting tryptophan metabolism in RA may be complex. We believe that continuing elucidation of\u00a0pathophysiological pathways relevant in RA offer substantial hope for the\u00a0development of\u00a0specific pharmacotherapy for treatment of\u00a0RA \u2013 especially for comorbidity of\u00a0RA and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/reum\/191752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T09:27:35Z","timestamp":1724750855000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The\u00a0kynurenine pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 inhibitors treatment"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Witoszy\u0144ska-Sobkowiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7326-6916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dorota","family":"Sikorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Niklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"\u017bychowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W\u0142odzimierz","family":"Samborski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1241454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06075-5"},{"key":"ref-1241455","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13412"},{"key":"ref-1241456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222010922"},{"key":"ref-1241457","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2022-222586"},{"key":"ref-1241458","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2020.1751908"},{"key":"ref-1241459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexp"},{"key":"ref-1241460","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00388"},{"key":"ref-1241461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1196386"},{"key":"ref-1241462","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110820"},{"key":"ref-1241463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2022.114237"},{"key":"ref-1241464","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0135-0_32"},{"key":"ref-1241465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-0056-6"},{"key":"ref-1241466","unstructured":"Pongratz G, Lowin T, Sewerin P, et al. 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