{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T08:08:07Z","timestamp":1764922087651,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reumatologia"],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a\u00a0rare autoimmune connective tissue disease with multi\u00adple internal organ involvement, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. Two major types are present, limited systemic sclerosis (lSSc) and diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc), according to the\u00a0limit of\u00a0skin fibrosis, with variability in internal organ involvement. Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon (RP) is almost always present in either type as a\u00a0presenting feature; it may precede the\u00a0onset by years. It affects the\u00a0quality of\u00a0life for the\u00a0patient and has a\u00a0variable range of\u00a0complications as well, with the\u00a0most severe being tissue gangrene and finger amputation. The\u00a0aim of\u00a0the\u00a0study was to investigate the\u00a0prevalence of\u00a0RP complications and predictors of\u00a0outcome in lSSc and dSSc.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n Patients diagnosed with SSc were included in the\u00a0study at 3 rheumatology centers in Iraq over a\u00a03-year period. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and interviews. All patients underwent clinical assessments to determine the\u00a0presence or absence of\u00a0RP complications, including pit scars, ulcers, ischemia, and amputated digits at the\u00a0time of\u00a0interview as well as the\u00a0previous records. Subjects with concomitant autoimmune diseases were excluded from the\u00a0study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of the\u00a0105 patients, 55 (52%) had dSSc, and 92% of\u00a0those were female. The\u00a0mean age was in the\u00a0fourth decade. Digital complications were recorded. Ischemia was the\u00a0most frequently\nobserved complication in limited scleroderma, while amputation was the\u00a0least common. These complications exhibited a\u00a0significant association with the\u00a0duration of\u00a0the\u00a0disease, with the\u00a0highest prevalence occurring within the\u00a0first 10 years of\u00a0diagnosis. Cardiac complications were associated with RP. Notably, 27% of\u00a0patients with dSSc had hypertension, while 64% of\u00a0patients with limited scleroderma did not have cardiac complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon is a\u00a0defining characteristic of\u00a0both limited and diffuse scleroderma. It is particularly complex in the\u00a0diffuse form, underscoring the\u00a0necessity for aggressive treatment to prevent debilitating complications. It is crucial to educate patients about the\u00a0significance of\u00a0adhering to treatment regimens and cessation of\u00a0smoking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/reum\/207625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T08:04:07Z","timestamp":1764921847000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and severity of\u00a0complicated Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon in limited and diffuse systemic sclerosis: a\u00a0multicenter study in Iraq"],"prefix":"10.5114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1577-6933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farah","family":"Jaafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zakariya","family":"Moayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faiq","family":"Gorial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alkazzaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1606408","unstructured":"Adigun R, Goyal A, Hariz A. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). In: StatPearls Publishing LLC, Treasure Island (FL) 2024."},{"key":"ref-1606409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092490"},{"key":"ref-1606410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009187"},{"key":"ref-1606411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.10.17"},{"key":"ref-1606412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204424"},{"key":"ref-1606413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00909-5"},{"key":"ref-1606414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2469-5726\/1510076"},{"key":"ref-1606415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2397198318823951"},{"key":"ref-1606416","unstructured":"Musa R, Qurie A. Raynaud Disease. In: StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL) 2025."},{"key":"ref-1606417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8331-1"},{"key":"ref-1606418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma"},{"key":"ref-1606420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vel\u00e1squez-Franco CJ, Rodr\u00edguez-Castrill\u00f3n JC. Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon, capillaroscopy, and digital ulcers as sentinel events in systemic sclerosis. Rev Colomb Reumatol 2020; 27: 170\u2013174, DOI: 10.1016\/j.rcreue.2020.07.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcreue.2020.07.001"},{"key":"ref-1606422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/130717"},{"key":"ref-1606423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0386-4"},{"key":"ref-1606424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00189-9"},{"key":"ref-1606425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key026"},{"key":"ref-1606426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.03.021"},{"key":"ref-1606427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foti R. Treatment with intravenous iloprost in patients with systemic sclerosis: a\u00a0short review. J Rare Dis Res Treat 2017; 2: 6\u201313.","DOI":"10.29245\/2572-9411\/2017\/4.1114"},{"key":"ref-1606428","unstructured":"Wick JY. Scleroderma: preventing complications and reducing morbidity. Pharmacy Times 2014; 80. Available from: https:\/\/www.pharmacytimes.com\/view\/scleroderma-preventing-complications-and-reducing-morbidity."},{"key":"ref-1606429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767040-00003"},{"key":"ref-1606430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2022-0014"},{"key":"ref-1606431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006"},{"key":"ref-1606433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2022.101468"},{"key":"ref-1606434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2396"},{"key":"ref-1606435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Launay D, Sobanski V, Hachulla E, Humbert M. Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: different phenotypes. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26: 170056, DOI: 10.1183\/16000617.0056-2017.","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0056-2017"},{"key":"ref-1606437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0296-z"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reu.termedia.pl\/pdf-207625-132855","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/reu.termedia.pl\/pdf-207625-132855","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T08:04:14Z","timestamp":1764921854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reu.termedia.pl\/Prevalence-and-severity-of-complicated-Raynaud-s-phenomenon-in-limited-and-diffuse,207625,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["207625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/reum\/207625","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6233","2084-9834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"2084-9834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]}}}