{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:29:55Z","timestamp":1786591795655,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reumatologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complement cascade and regulatory proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of the Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. The complement activation via the alternative pathway was recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism in autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study was to assess expression of complement cascade components and regulatory proteins in minor salivary glands in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of C1q and C5b-9 \u2013 membrane attack complex and regu\u00adlatory proteins such as: membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and protectin were examined using immunochemistry method in specimens from biopsy of minor salivary glands in pSS patients. The biopsy material was obtained from 20 pSS patients, 5 patients with non-specific sialadenitis and from 5 patients with suspicion of dryness syndrome without sialadenitis confirmation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the examined samples showed the expression of C1q or the effector C5b-9. Membrane cofactor protein expression was lower in pSS group than in both non-specific sialadenitis and noninflamed salivary glands. The inflammatory cells in pSS samples partially expressed MCP. There were differences in the sites and intensity of membrane protectin expression exclusively on the luminal surfaces in pSS; on the luminal and, partially, antiluminal surface in non-specific inflammation, and on the entire cell surface in unaffected salivary glands. There were no DAF expression in salivary gland tissue in biopsy specimens in all studied subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study demonstrated the absence of complement-cascade proteins (C1q, MAC) in the salivary glands of pSS patients, which may indicated a lack of local complement activation via the classical pathway and the observed gland tissue damage being due to a mechanism other than MAC-induced cytolysis. The differences in the expression of complement regulatory proteins between pSS, non-specific sialadenitis, and normal salivary glands may indicate that alternative functions of these regulatory proteins may be of greater significance in pSS. Low MCP expression in pSS in comparison with non-specific sialadenitis and normal salivary glands, may suggest altered modu\u00adlation of cell-mediated immunity in pSS. The differences in the location and intensity of protectin (CD59) expression indicates a possibility of reducing the proinflammatory effect of protectin in pSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2020.102000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T20:38:10Z","timestamp":1609792690000},"page":"357-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The complement system in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: the expression of certain cascade and regulatory proteins in labial salivary glands \u2013 observational study"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Legatowicz-Koprowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Nitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Czerwi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-780743","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859"},{"key":"ref-780744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314554251"},{"key":"ref-780745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh407"},{"key":"ref-780746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2012.01.012"},{"key":"ref-780747","first-page":"e584","article-title":"Sjogren syndrome: Review of the aetiology, pathophysiology & potential therapeutic interventions","volume":"9","author":"Nair JJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nair JJ, Singh TP. (2017). Sjogren syndrome: Review of the aetiology, pathophysiology & potential therapeutic interventions J Clin Exp Dent. 9: e584-e589.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"ref-780748","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.10.002"},{"key":"ref-780749","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.118"},{"key":"ref-780750","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-009-0047-4"},{"key":"ref-780751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441406"},{"key":"ref-780752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.07.012"},{"key":"ref-780753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.10.014"},{"key":"ref-780754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.11.014"},{"key":"ref-780755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.03.012"},{"key":"ref-780756","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.12.888","article-title":"Complement in acute and chronic arthritides: assessment of C3c, C9, and protectin (CD59) in synovial membrane","volume":"55","author":"Konttinen YT","year":"1996","unstructured":"Konttinen YT, Ceponis A, Meri S, et al. (1996). Complement in acute and chronic arthritides: assessment of C3c, C9, and protectin (CD59) in synovial membrane Ann Rheum Dis. 55: 888-894.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref-780757","first-page":"615","article-title":"Complement regulatory proteins in the salivary glands and saliva of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patients and healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Cuida M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cuida M, Legrer DW, Eidsheim M, Jonsson R. (1997). Complement regulatory proteins in the salivary glands and saliva of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patients and healthy subjects Clin Exp Rheumatol. 15: 615-623.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref-780758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22585"},{"key":"ref-780759","first-page":"532","article-title":"Distribution of protectin (CD59), a complement membrane attack inhibitor in normal human tissues","volume":"65","author":"Meri S","year":"1991","unstructured":"Meri S, Waldmann H, Lachmann PJ. (1991). Distribution of protectin (CD59), a complement membrane attack inhibitor in normal human tissues Lab Invest. 65: 532-537.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref-780760","first-page":"341","article-title":"Identification and quantification of complement regulator CD46 on normal human tissues","volume":"79","author":"Johnstone W","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johnstone W, Loveland BE, McKenzie IFC. (1993). Identification and quantification of complement regulator CD46 on normal human tissues Immunology. 79: 341-347.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref-780761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.165.3.848"},{"key":"ref-780762","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1113","article-title":"The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity","volume":"5","author":"Carroll MC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carroll MC. (2004). The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity Nat Immunol. 5: 981-986.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref-780763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01315"},{"key":"ref-780764","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.12.4092","article-title":"CD59 functions as a signal transducing molecule for human T cell activation","volume":"146","author":"Korty PE","year":"1991","unstructured":"Korty PE, Brando C, Shevach EM. (1991). CD59 functions as a signal transducing molecule for human T cell activation J Immunol. 146: 4092-4098.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref-780765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.06.019"},{"key":"ref-780766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324425"},{"key":"ref-780767","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.2915"},{"key":"ref-780768","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03578.x"},{"key":"ref-780769","first-page":"608","article-title":"Loss of expression of protectin (CD59) is associated with complement membrane attack complex deposition in myocardial infarction","volume":"67","author":"V\u00e4kev\u00e4 A","year":"1992","unstructured":"V\u00e4kev\u00e4 A, Laurila P, Meri S. (1992). Loss of expression of protectin (CD59) is associated with complement membrane attack complex deposition in myocardial infarction Lab Invest. 67: 608-616.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref-780770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.1.284.284","article-title":"Erythrocyte membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis: effects of phosphatidylinositol \u2013 specific phospholipase C on the isolated and cell associated protein","volume":"75","author":"Holguin MH","year":"1990","unstructured":"Holguin MH, Wilcox LA, Bernshaw NJ, et al. (1990). Erythrocyte membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis: effects of phosphatidylinositol \u2013 specific phospholipase C on the isolated and cell associated protein Blood. 75: 284-289.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref-780771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20478"},{"key":"ref-780772","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2019"},{"key":"ref-780773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.10.013"},{"key":"ref-780774","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e11"},{"key":"ref-780775","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.1070"},{"key":"ref-780776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01280.x"},{"key":"ref-780777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27347"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reu.termedia.pl\/pdf-130831-85941","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/reu.termedia.pl\/pdf-130831-85941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T08:02:08Z","timestamp":1674806528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reu.termedia.pl\/The-complement-system-in-primary-Sjogren-s-syndrome-the-expression-of-certain-cascade,130831,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["130831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/reum.2020.102000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6233","2084-9834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"2084-9834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]}}}