{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:42:51Z","timestamp":1792093371596,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reumatologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the spine\nand sacroiliac joints, characterized by enthesitis. Recent studies have investigated the relationship\nbetween AS and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of patients with AS and to determine the factors affecting this.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 200 AS patients, of which 129 were taking anti-tumour\nnecrosis factor (TNF) drugs and 71 were taking non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).\nPatients did not change their medication during the study. Disease activity was evaluated with\nthe Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), mobility with the Bath Ankylosing\nSpondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), functional status with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), enthesitis with the integrated Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis\nScore (MASES), and quality of life with the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) scale. Data\nrelated to erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were recorded from the hospital\ninformation system. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), attachment level\n(CAL) measurements, and bleeding index (BOP) were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that 35.5% of the AS patients had periodontitis, at a lower rate in the\nanti-TNF group than in the NSAID group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Periodontitis-related factors were found to be age, BASFI and BASMI. A significant relationship was found\nbetween MASES and BOP and GI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This suggests that periodontitis may be an enthesis in AS. Nevertheless, further studies\nare needed to explain the mechanism of periodontitis in AS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2021.103643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T13:31:31Z","timestamp":1615383091000},"page":"35-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationship between periodontal status and disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ay\u015fe \u00dcnal","family":"Enginar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Daltaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cahit","family":"Ka\u00e7ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiraje","family":"Tuncer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-782051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60635-7"},{"key":"ref-782052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002083220606"},{"key":"ref-782053","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Nazir MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nazir MA. 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