{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:26:14Z","timestamp":1772256374292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Amsterdam University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789048530205","type":"print"},{"value":"9789048530205","type":"electronic"},{"value":"9789462980730","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The prominence of Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s in the history of cinema is indelibly\n\t\t\t\t\tlinked to his use of the \u2018substitution trick\u2019, often described as a forebear\n\t\t\t\t\tof editing. Yet M\u00e9li\u00e8s also exploited a different sort of trick, one stemming\n\t\t\t\t\tfrom \u2018recreational photography\u2019: multiple exposures with a black\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground. While the tricks achieved with this technique have received\n\t\t\t\t\tless attention, they are no less crucial for two reasons. First, the technique\n\t\t\t\t\tpertains to what, for many theorists, has been conceived as an essential\n\t\t\t\t\tfeature of photographic and cinematographic images, namely their synchronicity,\n\t\t\t\t\tor the fact that, as Henri Van Lier put it, \u201cwhatever the exposure\n\t\t\t\t\ttime and the moment of impact of each particular photon, the arrival of all,\n\t\t\t\t\tin the end, is dated by the arrival of the last one.\u201d Secondly, M\u00e9li\u00e8s\u2019s use of\n\t\t\t\t\tthe black background enables us today to reassess a distinction that digital\n\t\t\t\t\tcinema has undermined, namely that between editing and compositing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5117\/9789462980730_ch08","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T06:32:00Z","timestamp":1665469920000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photography and the Composite\n\t\t\t\t\t\tImage, or A Portrait of M\u00e9li\u00e8s as\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBergsonian Filmmaker"],"prefix":"10.4324","author":[{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Turquety","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne"}]}],"member":"301","container-title":["Special Effects on the Screen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scienceopen.com\/book?vid=5f8f0e99-b6fb-4e7f-b89b-da9bdf3a6ce4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:58:49Z","timestamp":1762379929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scienceopen.com\/book?vid=5f8f0e99-b6fb-4e7f-b89b-da9bdf3a6ce4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9789048530205","9789048530205","9789462980730"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5117\/9789462980730_ch08","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2307\/j.ctv3029w4r.11","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1515\/9789048530205-009","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5117\/9789462980730-11","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}