{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:32:10Z","timestamp":1764595930183,"version":"3.46.0"},"publisher-location":"London","edition-number":"1","reference-count":63,"publisher":"Routledge","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9781003695950"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.5117\/9789463725903_ch06","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T06:00:30Z","timestamp":1611900030000},"page":"133-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ervig and Capital Penalties: The Way of Exile"],"prefix":"10.4324","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"ref372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arjava, Antti, Women and Law in Late Antiquity (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996).","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198150336.001.0001"},{"key":"ref373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arjava, Antti, \u2018The Survival of Roman Family Law after the Barbarian Settlements\u2019, in Law, Society, and Authority in Late Antiquity, ed. by Ralph Mathisen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 33-51.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199240326.003.0004"},{"key":"ref374","unstructured":"Beaucamp, Jo\u00eblle, \u2018La christianisation du droit \u00e0 Byzance: l\u2019exemple du statut des femmes\u2019, in Cristianit\u00e0 d\u2019Occidente e Christianit\u00e0 d\u2019Oriente (secoli VI-XI) = Sett. Sp. 51 (Spoleto: CISAM, 2004), pp. 917-955."},{"key":"ref375","unstructured":"Bougard, Fran\u00e7ois, \u2018Le feu de la justice et le feu de l\u2019\u00e9preuve, IV-XIIe si\u00e8cle\u2019, in Il fuoco nell\u2019alto Medioevo = Sett. Sp. 60 (Spoleto: CISAM, 2013), pp. 389-432."},{"key":"ref376","unstructured":"Bulgar, Epistolae, ed. by Juan Gil, Miscellanea Wisigothica (Seville: Universidad de Sevilla, 1972), pp. 37-40."},{"key":"ref377","unstructured":"Callu, Jean-Pierre, \u2018Le jardin des supplices au Bas-Empire\u2019, in Du ch\u00e2timent dans la cit\u00e9. Supplices corporels et peine de mort dans le monde antique (Rome: EFR, 1984), pp. 313-359."},{"key":"ref378","unstructured":"Carbasse, Jean-Marie, \u2018Le droit p\u00e9nal romain\u2019, in Histoire du droit p\u00e9nal et de la justice criminelle (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2006), pp.33-82."},{"key":"ref379","unstructured":"Chronicle of 754, ed. by J. Eduardo L\u00f3pez Pereira, Continuatio Isidoriana Hispana. Cr\u00f3nica moz\u00e1rabe de 754 (Le\u00f3n: Caja Espa\u00f1a de Inversiones y Archivo Hist\u00f3rico Diocesano de Le\u00f3n, 2009)."},{"key":"ref380","unstructured":"Chronicle of 754, ed. by Juan Gil, Chronica Hispana saeculi VIII et IX = CCCM 65 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2018), pp. 325-382."},{"key":"ref381","unstructured":"Chronicle of Alfonso III, ed. by Juan Gil, Chronica Hispana saeculi VIII et IX = CCCM 65 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2018), pp. 383-433."},{"key":"ref382","unstructured":"Chronicle of Fredegar, ed. by Bruno Krusch in MGH SRM 2 (Hannover: xx, 1888), pp. 1-193."},{"key":"ref383","unstructured":"Chronicle of Fredegar, trans. by John M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar: With Its Continuations (London: Nelson, 1960)."},{"key":"ref384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, Roger, Visigothic Spain. 409-711 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004).","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470754610"},{"key":"ref385","unstructured":"Council XVII of Toledo, ed. by Jacques Paul Migne, PL 84 (Paris: Garnier, 1850), col. 551-562."},{"key":"ref386","unstructured":"Crouch, Jace, \u2018The Judicial Punishment of Decalvatio in the Visigothic Realm: A Proposed Solution Based on Isidore of Seville and the Lex Visigothorum\u2019, The Mediterranean Review, 3:1 (2010), pp. 59-77."},{"key":"ref387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Jong, Mayke, \u2018The Transformations of Penance\u2019, in Rituals of Power. From Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages, ed. by Frans Theuws and Janet Nelson (Leiden: Brill, 2000), pp. 185-224.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004477551_010"},{"key":"ref388","unstructured":"Delmaire, Roland, \u2018Exil, rel\u00e9gation, d\u00e9portation dans la l\u00e9gislation du Bas-Empire\u2019, in Exil et rel\u00e9gation : Les tribulations du sage et du saint durant l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 romaine et chr\u00e9tienne (Ier-VIe si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J-C), ed. by Philippe Blaudeau (Paris: De Boccard, 2008), pp. 115-132."},{"key":"ref389","unstructured":"D\u00edaz, Pablo C., \u2018Las c\u00e1rceles en la Hispania visigoda\u2019, in Castigo y reclusi\u00f3n en el mundo antiguo, ed. by Sof\u00eda Torallas Tovar and Inmaculada P\u00e9rez Mart\u00edn (Madrid: CSIC, 2003), pp. 193-207."},{"key":"ref390","unstructured":"Dum\u00e9zil, Bruno, \u2018La peine de d\u00e9calvation dans l\u2019Espagne wisigothique\u2019, in Anthropologie, mythologies et histoire de la chevelure et de la pilosit\u00e9. Le Sens du Poil, ed. by Bertrand Lan\u00e7on, Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Delavaud-Roux (Paris: L\u2019Harmattan, 2011), pp. 135-147."},{"key":"ref391","unstructured":"Edictus Rothari, ed. by F. Bluhme in Leges Langobardorum, MGH Leges 4 (Hannover, 1868), pp. 3-90."},{"key":"ref392","unstructured":"Escribano Pa\u00f1o, Mar\u00eda Victoria, \u2018El exilio del her\u00e9tico en el s. IV d.C. Fundamentos jur\u00eddicos e ideol\u00f3gicos\u2019, in Vivir en tierra extra\u00f1a: Emigraci\u00f3n e integraci\u00f3n cultural en el mundo antiguo. Actas de la reuni\u00f3n realizada en Zaragoza los d\u00edas 2 y 3 de junio de 2003, ed. by Francisco Marco Sim\u00f3n, Francisco Pina Polo and Jos\u00e9 Remesal Rodr\u00edguez (Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, 2004), pp. 255-272."},{"key":"ref393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garnsey, Peter, \u2018Why Penalties Become Harsher: the Roman Case, Late Republic to Fourth Century Empire\u2019, Natural Law Forum\/American Journal of Jurisprudence, 13 (1968), pp. 141-162.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajj\/13.1.141"},{"key":"ref394","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez Salinero, Ra\u00fal, Las conversiones forzosas de los jud\u00edos en el reino visigodo (Rome: CSIC, 2000)."},{"key":"ref395","unstructured":"Grodzynski, Denise, \u2018Tortures mortelles et cat\u00e9gories sociales. Les summa supplicia dans le droit romain aux IIIe et IVe si\u00e8cle\u2019, in Du ch\u00e2timent dans la cit\u00e9. Supplices corporels et peine de mort dans le monde antique (Rome: EFR, 1984), pp. 361-403."},{"key":"ref396","unstructured":"Harries, Jill, Law and Empire in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)."},{"key":"ref397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillner, Julia, Prison, Punishment and Penance in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139015172"},{"key":"ref398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Humphreys, Michael, Law, Power, and Imperial Ideology in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680-850 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198701576.001.0001"},{"key":"ref399","unstructured":"Isidore of Seville, De Viris Illustribus, ed. by Carmen Codo\u00f1er (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 1964)."},{"key":"ref400","unstructured":"Isidore of Seville, Historia Gothorum, ed. by Crist\u00f3bal Rodr\u00edguez Alonso (Le\u00f3n: Archivo Hist\u00f3rico Diocesano de Le\u00f3n, 1975)."},{"key":"ref401","unstructured":"Isidore of Seville, Sentences, ed. by Pierre Cazier, Isidorus Hispalensis Sententiae = CCSL 111 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1998)."},{"key":"ref402","unstructured":"Isidore of Seville, Sentences, trans. by Thomas L. Knoebel, Isidore of Seville Sententiae (New York: Newman Press, 2018)."},{"key":"ref403","unstructured":"Iudicium in tyrannorum perfidiam promulgatum, ed. by Wilhelm Levison in MGH SRM 5 (Hannover-Leipzig, 1910) pp. 529-535."},{"key":"ref404","unstructured":"Iudicium in tyrannorum perfidiam promulgatum, trans. by Joaqu\u00edn Mart\u00ednez Pizarro, The Story of Wamba (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2005)."},{"key":"ref405","unstructured":"John of Biclaro, Chronicle, ed. by Carmen Cardelle de Hartmann, Victoris Tunnunensis Chronicon cum reliquiis ex consularibus caesaraugustanis et Iohannis Biclarensis Chronicon = CCSL 173-A (Turnhout: Brepols, 2001)."},{"key":"ref406","unstructured":"King, Paul D., Law and Society in the Wisigothic Kingdom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972)."},{"key":"ref407","unstructured":"Lex Baiwariorum, ed by Ernst von Schwind, MGH LL Nat. Germ. 5-2 (Hannover, 1926)."},{"key":"ref408","unstructured":"Liber Iudiciorum, ed. by Karl Zeumer, Liber Iudiciorum siue Lex Visigothorum, MGH LL Nat. Germ. 1-1 (Hannover-Leipzig: Hahn, 1902), pp. 33-456."},{"key":"ref409","unstructured":"Marey, Alexander, \u2018\u0423\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0435 (\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432)\u2019 [Criminal and civil law in the Lex Visigothorum (Liber Iudiciorum)], in Lex Visigothorum (Liber Iudiciorum). Textum latinum. Interpretatio rossica. Studia. \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 (\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u041b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, ed. by Oleg V. Aurov, Alexander V. Marey (Moscow: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0435 (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438), 2012), pp. 134-151."},{"key":"ref410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, C\u00e9line, \u2018Hi\u00e9rarchie et service dans le monde visigothique : la militia des la\u00efcs\u2019, in Hi\u00e9rarchie et stratification sociale dans l\u2019Occident m\u00e9di\u00e9val (400-1100) = HAMA 6, ed. by Dominique Iogna-Prat, Fran\u00e7ois Bougard and R\u00e9gine Le Jan (Turnhout: Brepols, 2009), pp. 325-341.","DOI":"10.1484\/M.HAMA-EB.3.573"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, C\u00e9line, \u2018L\u2019\u00e9v\u00eaque dans un petit navire. Bannissement et rel\u00e9gation dans les Vies des Saints P\u00e8res de M\u00e9rida\u2019, in \u00c9changes, communications et r\u00e9seaux dans le haut Moyen \u00c2ge. \u00c9tudes et textes offerts \u00e0 St\u00e9phane Lebecq = HAMA 14, ed. by Alban Gautier and C\u00e9line Martin (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011), pp. 45-56.","DOI":"10.1484\/M.HAMA-EB.1.100888"},{"key":"ref412","unstructured":"Martin, C\u00e9line, \u2018De sacrilegiis extirpandis. Interpretar la legislaci\u00f3n contra el paganismo en la Hispania de los siglos VI-VII\u2019, in La Iglesia como sistema de dominaci\u00f3n en la Antig\u00fcedad Tard\u00eda, ed. by Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez Ubi\u00f1a, Alberto J. Quiroga Puertas and Purificaci\u00f3n Ubric Rabaneda (Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2015), pp. 273-292."},{"key":"ref413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, C\u00e9line, \u2018Les juifs visigothiques, un peuple h\u00e9r\u00e9tique\u2019, in Les juifs et la nation au Moyen \u00c2ge, special issue of Revue de l\u2019histoire des religions, 234-2 (2017), pp. 315-335.","DOI":"10.4000\/rhr.8744"},{"key":"ref414","unstructured":"Martin, C\u00e9line, \u2018Exclure le pair et l\u2019intrus : exil et confiscation en Hispanie visigothique\u2019, in La richesse, la pauvret\u00e9 et l\u2019exclusion \u2013 de la christianisation \u00e0 la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 en Occident (IVe-XIIe si\u00e8cle), ed. by Sylvie Joye and R\u00e9gine Le Jan (Turnhout: Brepols, forthcoming)."},{"key":"ref415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, C\u00e9line and Nemo, Capucine, \u2018Les juifs et la cit\u00e9. Pour une clarification du statut personnel des juifs de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 tardive \u00e0 la f in du royaume de Tol\u00e8de (IVe-VIIe si\u00e8cles)\u2019, Antiquit\u00e9 tardive, 16 (2008), pp. 223-246.","DOI":"10.1484\/J.AT.3.17"},{"key":"ref416","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez D\u00edez (Gonzalo), \u2018Algunos aspectos de la penitencia en la Iglesia visigodomozar\u00e1bica\u2019, La patrolog\u00eda toledano-visigoda. XXVII Semana Espa\u00f1ola de Teolog\u00eda. Toledo, 25-29 sept. 1967 (Madrid: CSIC, 1970), pp. 121-134."},{"key":"ref417","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez D\u00edez, Gonzalo and Felix Rodr\u00edguez, eds, Colecci\u00f3n Can\u00f3nica Hispana, 6 vols (Madrid: CSIC, 1966-2002)."},{"key":"ref418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathisen, Ralph, \u2018The Citizenship and Legal Status of Jews in Roman Law during Late Antiquity (ca. 300-540 CE)\u2019, in Jews in Early Christian Law. Byzantium and the Latin West, 6th-11th centuries, ed. by John V. Tolan, Nicholas de Lange, Laurence Foschia, and Capucine Nemo (Turnhout: Brepols, 2014), pp. 35-53.","DOI":"10.1484\/M.RELMIN-EB.1.101875"},{"key":"ref419","unstructured":"Mommsen, Theodor, R\u00f6misches Strafrecht (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1899)."},{"key":"ref420","unstructured":"Nemo-Pekelman, Capucine, \u2018Divine Justice and Freedom: On Canon 57 of the Fourth Council of Toledo (633)\u2019, Visigothic Symposium 1 (2016-2017), Law and Theology, pp. 150-168, https:\/\/visigothicsymposia.org\/capucine-nemo-pekelman\/ (Accessed on 14 August 2019)."},{"key":"ref421","unstructured":"Patlagean, \u00c9velyne, \u2018Byzance et le blason p\u00e9nal du corps\u2019, in Du ch\u00e2timent dans la cit\u00e9. Supplices corporels et peine de mort dans le monde antique (Rome: EFR, 1984), pp. 405-427."},{"key":"ref422","unstructured":"Pav\u00f3n Torrej\u00f3n, Pilar, La c\u00e1rcel y el encarcelamiento en el mundo romano (Madrid: CSIC, 2003)."},{"key":"ref423","unstructured":"Petit, Carlos, \u2018Crimen y castigo en el reino visigodo de Toledo\u2019, in Recueils de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Jean Bodin: La peine, 56-2 (Bruxelles: De Boeck Universit\u00e9, 1991), pp. 9-71."},{"key":"ref424","unstructured":"Petit, Carlos, \u2018\u201cIustitia\u201d y \u201cIudicium\u201d en el reino de Toledo. Un estudio de teolog\u00eda jur\u00eddica visigoda\u2019, in La giustizia nell\u2019alto medioevo (sec. V-VIII) = Sett. Sp. 42 (Spoleto: CISAM, 1995), pp. 843-932."},{"key":"ref425","unstructured":"Petit, Carlos, \u2018Rex Iudex. El momento judicial del rey de Toledo\u2019, in Procesos, inquisiciones, pruebas: Homenaje a Mario Sbriccoli, ed. by Emanuele Conte and Marta Madero (Buenos Aires: Manantial, 2009), pp. 39-75."},{"key":"ref426","unstructured":"Prego de Lis, Augusto, \u2018La pena de exilio en la legislaci\u00f3n hispanogoda\u2019, Antig\u00fcedad y Cristianismo, 23 (2006), pp. 515-529."},{"key":"ref427","unstructured":"Rivi\u00e8re, Yann, Le Cachot et les fers : d\u00e9tention et coercition \u00e0 Rome (Paris: Belin, 2004)."},{"key":"ref428","unstructured":"Rivi\u00e8re, Yann, \u2018L\u2019interdictio aquae et igni et la deportatio sous le Haut-Empire romain\u2019, in Exil et rel\u00e9gation : Les tribulations du sage et du saint durant l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 romaine et chr\u00e9tienne (Ier-VIe si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J-C), ed. by Philippe Blaudeau (Paris: De Boccard, 2008), pp. 47-114."},{"key":"ref429","unstructured":"Schulz, Fritz, Principles of Roman Law (Oxford: Clarendon, 1936)."},{"key":"ref430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stocking, Rachel, Bishops, Councils and Consensus in the Visigothic Kingdom, 589-633 (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2000).","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.16864"},{"key":"ref431","unstructured":"Tom\u00e1s Faci, Guillermo, and Mart\u00edn Iglesias, Jos\u00e9 Carlos, \u2018Cuatro documentos in\u00e9ditos del monasterio visigodo de San Mart\u00edn de As\u00e1n (522-586)\u2019, Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch, 52 (2017), pp. 261-286."},{"key":"ref432","unstructured":"Vallejo Girv\u00e9s, Margarita, \u2018In insulam deportatio en el siglo IV d. C. Aproximaci\u00f3n a su comprensi\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de causas, personas y lugares\u2019, Polis, 3 (1991), pp. 153-167."},{"key":"ref433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallejo Girv\u00e9s, Margarita, \u2018Los exilios de cat\u00f3licos y arrianos bajo Leovigildo y Recaredo\u2019, Hispania Sacra, 55 (2003), pp. 35-48.","DOI":"10.3989\/hs.2003.v55.i111.166"},{"key":"ref434","unstructured":"Zeumer, Karl, \u2018Geschichte der westgothischen Gesetzgebung II\u2019, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr \u00e4ltere deutsche Geschichtskunde, 24 (1899), pp. 39-122."}],"container-title":["Framing Power in Visigothic Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scienceopen.com\/book?vid=335bade2-b247-4d1b-a93c-199459cabbe9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:18:46Z","timestamp":1764595126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9781003695950\/chapters\/10.5117\/9789463725903_CH06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"ISBN":["9781003695950"],"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5117\/9789463725903_ch06","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/9789048543595.006","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2307\/j.ctvw1d4xc.9","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}