{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:24:16Z","timestamp":1787063056530,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Orthodontic miniscrews are commonly used as temporary anchorage devices. Bone thickness and bone depth are important factors when placing miniscrews. There are no studies to assess the maxillary bone thickness for optimum miniscrew placement in a Saudi population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n Assess the proximity of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity in areas where miniscrews are usually inserted using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective, cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n Department of maxillofacial radiology in a Saudi dental school.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n Using CBCT images, we measured the distance between the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity to the palatal bone, buccal intra-radicular and infrazygomatic crest areas. Mean values (SD) were compared at various locations, including by gender, and correlation with age was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:<\/jats:title>\n Mean bone thickness at commonly used sites for orthodontic miniscrew placements in the maxilla. Secondary outcome was the insertion angle in the infrazygomatic crest area.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n CBCT images of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean (standard deviation) age for the sample was 25.4 (6.5) years with no significant difference between males and females. In the palate, the distance to the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus was greater anteriorly and decreased significantly posteriorly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001). Buccally, the interdental bone depth was significantly greater between the second premolar and first molar (11.96 mm) compared to between the central and lateral incisors (7.53 mm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001). The mean bone thickness of the infrazygomatic crest area at a 45\u00b0 insertion angle was 4.94 mm compared to 3.90 at a 70\u00b0 insertion angle (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001). No correlation was found between age and bone thickness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n The distance to the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus was greater in the anterior than posterior areas. There is minimal risk of injuring the maxillary sinus or nasal cavity using the buccal approach. Caution is needed when placing miniscrews in the infrazygomatic crest area.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional study from one center; hence, findings cannot be generalized to other populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONFLICT OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n None.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T12:39:28Z","timestamp":1596717568000},"page":"330-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Anatomical consideration for optimal position of orthodontic miniscrews in the maxilla: a CBCT appraisal"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Maha S.","family":"Al Amri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanadi M.","family":"Sabban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa H.","family":"Alsaggaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad F.","family":"Alsulaimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan A.","family":"Al-Turki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Al-Zahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-8407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khalid H.","family":"Zawawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2013.11.002","article-title":"Miniscrew implant applications in contemporary orthodontics","volume":"30","author":"Chang HP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2009.10.011","article-title":"Temporary skeletal anchorage devices for orthodontics","volume":"22","author":"Costello BJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"564","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"e561","article-title":"Mini-implants in orthodontics: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"135","author":"Reynders R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"a9","article-title":"Clinical showcase. 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