{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:32:18Z","timestamp":1767983538958,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Facial nerve weakness is the most common and most concerning complication after parotidectomy. Risk factors for this complication following surgery for benign diseases remain controversial.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Review the frequency and prognosis of facial nerve weakness after parotidectomy and analyze potential risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective review of medical records.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTINGS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two tertiary care centers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included all parotidectomies performed for benign diseases from January 2006 to December 2018. Details about the development and recovery of postoperative facial weakness were recorded. Patient, disease and surgery-related variables were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Frequency, recovery rates and risk factors for facial nerve weakness<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>191 parotidectomies, 183 patients, 61 patients with facial weakness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The frequency of postoperative facial weakness was 31.9% (61\/191 parotidectomies). Among patients with temporary weakness, 90% regained normal facial movement within 6 months. Steroid therapy was not associated with a faster recovery. Postoperative weakness was not associated with age, diabetes, smoking, disease location, use of an intraoperative facial nerve monitor or direction of facial nerve dissection. Risk factors for temporary weakness were total parotidectomy and surgical specimens larger than 60 cubic centimeters. Revision surgery was the only identified risk factor for permanent weakness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Larger parotid resections increase the risk of temporary facial nerve weakness while permanent weakness is mainly influenced by previous surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective nature, underpowered sample size, selection bias associated with tertiary care cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T22:44:03Z","timestamp":1601678643000},"page":"408-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Factors associated with facial weakness following surgery for benign parotid disease: a retrospective multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5685-9664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Albosaily","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Turki","family":"Aldrees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aseel","family":"Doubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Aldhwaihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najd S.","family":"Al-Gazlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Al-Dhahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Al-Qahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414542089","article-title":"Predictors of adverse events after parotidectomy: a review of 2919 cases.","volume":"124","author":"Kim BD","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"174","article-title":"Incidence and prognosis of salivary-gland tumours at different sites. 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official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202","article-title":"Facial nerve grading system.","volume":"93","author":"House JW","year":"1985","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.04.010","article-title":"A prospective, randomized trial for use of prednisolone in patients with facial nerve paralysis after parotidectomy.","volume":"196","author":"Roh JL","year":"2008","journal-title":"American journal of surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.05.003","article-title":"Surgical management of benign tumors of the parotid gland: extracapsular dissection versus superficial parotidectomy\u2013our experience in 232 cases.","volume":"71","author":"Dell'Aversana Orabona G","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.1223","article-title":"Extracapsular dissection of benign parotid tumors.","volume":"140","author":"Deschler DG.","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-4982-8","article-title":"Anterovs. retrograde nerve dissection in parotidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"275","author":"Stankovic P","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600672618","article-title":"Risk of facial palsy and severe Frey's syndrome after conservative parotidectomy for benign disease: analysis of 610 operations.","volume":"126","author":"Guntinas-Lichius O","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20637","article-title":"Electromyographic facial nerve monitoring during parotidectomy for benign lesions does not improve the outcome of postoperative facial nerve function: a prospective two-center trial.","volume":"119","author":"Grosheva M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5130-1","article-title":"Facial nerve dysfunction after superficial parotidectomy with or without continuous intraoperative electromyographic neuromonitoring: a prospective randomized pilot study.","volume":"275","author":"Graciano AJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814568779","article-title":"Facial nerve monitoring during parotidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"152","author":"Sood AJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"87","key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Facial Nerve Monitoring During Parotidectomy:A Two-Center Retrospective Study.","volume":"28","author":"R\u00e9gloix SB","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000166697.48868.8C","article-title":"Continuous facial nerve monitoring during pleomorphic adenoma recurrence surgery.","volume":"115","author":"Makeieff M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814528098","article-title":"Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring during Parotidectomy.","volume":"151","author":"Liu H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Annals of Saudi Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T22:44:20Z","timestamp":1601678660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.annsaudimed.net\/doi\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.408","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-4947","0975-4466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-4947","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-4466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}}}