{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:54:25Z","timestamp":1793501665511,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting life quality and significantly impacting healthcare resources.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Determine the direct medical costs associated with treating DFU in King Fahad Hospital of the University and identify factors that could assist in developing resource management guidelines in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SETTING: King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study included diabetic patients admitted with foot ulcerations between 2007 and 2017 inclusive. We determined management costs including drug usage, wound dressings, surgical procedures, admissions, and basic investigation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Factors affecting the direct perspective medical costs of managing DFU.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>99 patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The overall cost of managing 99 patients with DFU was 6 618 043.3 SAR ($1 764 632.68 USD), which further translates to approximately 6684.9 SAR per patient\/year ($1782.6 USD). The highest cost incurred was for admission expenditure (45.6%), followed by debridement (14.5%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (10.4%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The overall healthcare expenditure in treating DFU is high, with hospital admissions and surgical procedures adding a significant increase to the total cost. Focused patient education on overall glycemic control and prevention of DFU may decrease complications and hence, the overall cost.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Identified only the direct medical costs of DFU as the indirect costs were subjective and more difficult to quantify.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T22:44:03Z","timestamp":1601678643000},"page":"425-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Economic impact of diabetic foot ulcers on healthcare in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1945-6599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shadi","family":"Alshammary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharifah A.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiman","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mosab A.","family":"Alarfaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitham Amer","family":"Lardhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser Mohamed","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman S.","family":"Elsaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan M.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2696","article-title":"IWGDF guidance on the prevention of foot ulcers in at-risk patients with diabetes.","volume":"32","author":"Bus SA","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.108174","article-title":"Economic costs of diabetes in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"20","author":"Alhowaish A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Family and Community Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Life with diabetic foot ulcer\u2014a cross sectional study.","volume":"1","author":"Haria J","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Study"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Denyer J Pillay E. 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