{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T21:20:32Z","timestamp":1773436832843,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 that might affect the eye in the form of conjunctivitis and other ocular features.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Assess the frequency and clinical profile of conjunctivitis and other ocular findings in Iraqi patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Analytical cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Secondary care center.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study involved patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection of variable disease severity from June 2020 to December 2020. Ocular history and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection was assessed for all of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Frequency of conjunctival inflammation and other ocular findings in patients with coronavirus infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>186 patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The patients had a mean (standard deviation, range) age of 44.4 (18.8, 18\u201378) years. Conjunctivitis was present in 25 patients (13.4%). There was no significant association between prevalence of conjunctivitis and patient gender (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.868). However, conjunctivitis was significantly associated with the severity of the disease (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.018): the rate of conjunctivitis was significantly higher in cases with severe disease (28%) in comparison with those with mild to moderate clinical presentation (9.3%). The natural course of conjunctivitis seemed to be mild with no effect on visual acuity and no short-term complications.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Conjunctivitis can occur in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, and could be a presenting sign. Conjunctivitis is more common in cases of severe COVID-19 infection and since it could be a presenting sign it might be of benefit in the early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Single-center study, safety limitations in the examination of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2021.280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T12:28:57Z","timestamp":1636892937000},"page":"280-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Conjunctivitis and other ocular findings in patients with COVID-19 infection"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-5146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haider Aswad","family":"Layikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al Qadisiyah, Diwaniya, Qadisiyha, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab Adel","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al Qadisiyah, Diwaniya, Qadisiyha, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyaa A.","family":"Kadum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al Qadisiyah, Diwaniya, Qadisiyha, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03263-6","article-title":"A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (covid 19)","volume":"87","author":"Singal T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singal T. 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