{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:54:31Z","timestamp":1785128071520,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adalimumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-a used to treat various autoimmune disorders. Adalimumab poses a risk for tuberculosis (TB) infection, especially in countries where TB is endemic.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Determine the rate of TB infection after adalimumab therapy in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Medical record review.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTINGS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tertiary care center in Riyadh.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the electronic healthcare records of all patients who received adalimumab treatment from 2015 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Occurrence of TB after adalimumab therapy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>410 patients (median ([QR] age, 37 [28], range 4\u201381 years), 40% males<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent indication (n=153, 37%). The patients were followed for a mean of 36 (8.9) months. No case of TB infection or reactivation was observed. An inter-feron-gamma release assay (IGRA) was requested in 353\/391 (90.3%) patients, prior to initiating therapy. The IGRA was positive in 26 cases (6.6%). The IGRA-positive patients received isoniazid prophylactically. Bacterial infectious complications of adalimumab therapy occurred in 12 (2.9%) patients. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent complication (culture requested in 48 patients, positive in 8).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adalimumab treatment was not associated with a risk of TB disease or TB reactivation in our cohort over the follow-up observation period. No TB reactivation occurred with adalimumab therapy when TB prophylaxis was used. The positive IGRA rate in patients on adalimumab treatment was low (7%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Single center and one geographical area in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2021.285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T12:13:47Z","timestamp":1636892027000},"page":"285-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The risk of tuberculosis infection in 410 Saudipatients receiving adalimumab therapy"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Sohaim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Saleh","family":"Bawazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turki","family":"Al-Turki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiman Omar","family":"Alsafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Quality Management, King Saud Chest Specialty Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Roqy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layla","family":"Layqah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-4764","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Salim Alawi","family":"Baharoone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506935"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"1888","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of tumor necrosis factor antagonist and granulomatous infections","volume":"31","author":"Beenhouwer D","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beenhouwer D, Wallis R, Broder M, Furst DE. 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