{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:46:30Z","timestamp":1747226790678,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>About 5-10% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients require critical care hospitalization and a variety of respiratory support, including invasive mechanical ventilation. Several nationwide studies from Saudi Arabia have identified common comorbidities but none were focused on mechanically ventilated patients in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Identify characteristics and risk factors for mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective chart review<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two general hospitals in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients (&gt;18 years old) admitted between 1 May and 30 November 2020, in two major general hospitals in the Al-Ahsa region, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize patients. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model was used exploratively to identify hazard ratios (HR) of predictors of mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patient characteristics, mortality rate, extubation rate, the need for re-intubation and clinical complications during hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>154 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with median (interquartile range) age of 60 (22) years; 65.6% male.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Common comorbidities were diabetes (72.2%), hypertension (67%), cardiovascular disease (14.9%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (14.3%). In the multivariable CPH model, age &gt;60 years old (HR=1.83, 95% CI 1.2-2.7,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.002), CKD (1.61, 95% CI 0.9-2.6,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.062), insulin use (HR=0.65, 95% CI 0.35-.08,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;.001), and use of loop diuretics (HR=0.51, 95% CI 0.4,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.037) were major predictors of mortality.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Common diseases in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients from the Al-Ahsa region were diabetes, hypertension, other cardiovascular diseases, and CKD in this exploratory analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective, weak CPH model performance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2022.165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]],"date-time":"2022-06-05T10:06:08Z","timestamp":1654423568000},"page":"165-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in the Al-Ahsa Region of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study with survival analysis"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Amnah","family":"Alamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1533-9667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin","family":"Asdaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pharmacy Practice, AMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"AlYamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pharmacy Practice, AMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussain","family":"AlGhadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra H.","family":"Alnasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Aljassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Albattat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alhajji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alrashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahya","family":"Mohzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abrar","family":"Aledrees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Primary Health, Primary Health Care Clinics, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badr","family":"Almuhainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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