{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:56:52Z","timestamp":1789675012868,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to various medical conditions such as bone loss, decreased mineralization, endocrine disorders, and central nervous system disorders, including epilepsy. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, the specific association between vitamin D levels and age in PWE is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Identify the relation between vitamin D level and age in PWE and evaluate factors that may play a role in seizure control.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective analytical medical record review<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Outpatient epilepsy research clinic in Saudi Arabia<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between November 2016 and April 2020, we selected eligible PWE aged older than 14 years whose vita-min D levels were recorded at least once after reviewing 1550 patient electronic files. We analyzed data on serum vitamin D level by age and other factors, vitamin D supplement use, seizure classification, and conducted a multivariate logistic regression to assess associations with seizure control.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Relationships between vitamin D levels and age and factors that might affect seizure control.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>524 patients<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The prevalence of low serum vitamin D levels was high (86.8%). The median vitamin D level in all patients was low (38 nmol\/L), and was lower in young PWE than in adult PWE (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;.01). Only 146 patients received vitamin D supplements. High vitamin D levels were associated with a 40% seizure reduction.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is underestimated in PWE in Saudi Arabia, and is more prevalent among young adults and patients on polytherapy than in other PWE. Patients with high vitamin D levels had good seizure control compared with those with low levels. The effect of vitamin D supplements on seizure control should be further investigated in randomized control trials.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective study and no categorization by presence of supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2022.262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T10:38:07Z","timestamp":1659868687000},"page":"262-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association between serum vitamin D levels and age in patients with epilepsy: a retrospective study from an epilepsy center in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-9697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hussam Mohammed","family":"Alhaidari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, King Fahad General Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawzi","family":"Babtain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alqadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Bouges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Baeesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef A.","family":"Al-Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2004.045260"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0044"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.JFCM_73_17","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabians: A reality or simply hype: A meta-analysis (2008\u20132015)","volume":"25","author":"Al-Alyani H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Alyani H, Al-Turki HA, Al-Essa ON, Alani FM, Sadat-Ali M. 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