{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:08:44Z","timestamp":1754482124661,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new agents for treating type 2 diabetes. In addition to the glycemic benefits, these agents provide cardiorenal protection in patients with diabetes and without diabetes. There is consistent evidence that these agents increase the risk of genitourinary infections and dehydration, but randomized controlled trials have not included patients from the Middle East.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Determine the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin, specifically whether the genitourinary infection risk differs in our population and whether there is an increased risk of dehydration, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, and hospitalization with fasting.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective review of medical records.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTINGS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Department of medicine at tertiary care center.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We reviewed the electronic records of patients with type 2 diabetes who took empagliflozin from 1 December 2018 to 30 November 2019. We collected safety and efficacy data for 12 months from the initiation of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Glycemic and weight loss efficacy, risk of hospitalization due to hypoglycemia, dehydration, and genitourinary infections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>637 patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We observed an improvement in glycated hemoglobin, a 4.2% weight loss, improved left ventricular function, stable serum creatinine, and reduced albuminuria. Our patients did not have an increased risk of genitourinary infections, hypoglycemia, dehydration, ketoacidosis, or hospitalizations. Fasting did not increase the incidence of adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Empagliflozin is safe and effective in our local population. We hypothesize that glycosuria induced by empagliflozin is not the sole contributor to the increased risk of genitourinary infections. Local hygiene and circumcision might reduce this risk. Empagliflozin can be used safely during fasting.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective design.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2023.50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T08:01:52Z","timestamp":1675584112000},"page":"50-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin: a \u201creal-world\u201d experience from Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-7303","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Butt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadeel","family":"Aljamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Riazuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"AlHaqbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roaa","family":"Albalwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fayha Farraj Mansour","family":"Abothenain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahlah Abdullah Mohammed","family":"Alagla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najeeb","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3039-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin compared with placebo and sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin monotherapy: a randomised trial","volume":"56","author":"Lavalle-Gonz\u00e1lez FJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lavalle-Gonz\u00e1lez FJ, Januszewicz A, Davidson J, Tong C, Qiu R, Canovatchel W, et al. 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