{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:25:29Z","timestamp":1783095929129,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Multiple studies have demonstrated a correlation between a high body mass index and discriminatory COVID-19 outcomes. Studies appear to indicate that there is a correlation between obesity-related comorbidities and less favorable outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The primary aim of the current investigation is to conduct a thorough assessment of the correlation between BMI and comorbidities associated with obesity, and their potential impact on the severity and consequences of COVID-19 infection among patients receiving care in a tertiary healthcare setting.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective cohort<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTINGS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tertiary rehabilitation center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study included all individuals who received medical treatment and tested positive for COVID-19 by means of RT-PCR during the period from March to September 2020. COVID-19 patients were classified using Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>COVID-19-related complications, including pneumonia and cytokine release syndrome, as well as the time length to COVID-19 negativization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>315 patients<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The median (25th\u201375th percentiles) age of the patients was 38 (31.5-49) years old. Males outnumbered females, and 66% of patients were non-Saudis. Forty-eight patients (15.2%) had obesity class I, whereas 13 patients (4.1%) had class II. Thirty-two patients (10.2%) were classified as EOSS stage 1, 105 patients (33.3%) were classified as EOSS stage 2, and 25 patients (7.9%) were assigned to EOSS stage 3. Males predominated in EOSS stages 1 and 2, whereas females predominated in stage 3. In EOSS stage 3, 52% of cases had moderate severity and 48% had severe illness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>EOSS distinguishes the COVID-19 risks of poor outcomes beyond BMI. Patients who were overweight or obese but remained in the stage 1 of the EOSS had a lower risk of a poor COVID-19 outome than normal-weight patients. The health status of obese patients is a more precise indicator of the progression of COVID-19 during hospitalization than BMI alone.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Given the limited capacity of urgent care facilities to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of comorbidities and other relevant outcomes in all patients, it is plausible that certain patients may have been erroneously classified with an EOSS stage 2 diagnosis, when in fact they ought to have been assigned a stage 3 diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2024.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T05:01:38Z","timestamp":1713070898000},"page":"116-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predicting COVID-19 outcomes with the Edmonton Obesity Staging System"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-9079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Infectious Diseases Department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Sufyan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Infectious Diseases Department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira M.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research and Scientific Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iram","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research and Scientific Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renad Abdulaziz","family":"Alduhaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renad","family":"Almesned","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Obesity in the COVID era: A global health challenge","volume":"68","author":"Rubio Herrera MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rubio Herrera MA, Bret\u00f3n Lesmes I. 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