{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:12:49Z","timestamp":1793643169605,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cushing's disease is a rare endocrine disorder. This review aimed to examine sex-specific differences in Cushing's disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN AND SETTINGS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A meta-analysis was performed on published articles discussing the gender impact of Cushing's disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted to identify studies from Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and Scopus. Nine studies enrolling 1047 patients diagnosed with Cushing's disease were included in this meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Male patients presented at a younger age (MD [mean difference]=\u22125.43; 95% CI [\u22125.78, \u22125.08];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;.00001) than females. Male patients had a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis (RR [risk ratio]=1.75; 95% CI [1.36, 225];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;.0001) and hypokalemia (RR=1.66; 95% CI [1.27, 2.16];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.0002). In addition, males had significantly higher rates of negative magnetic resonance imaging (RR=1.53; 95% CI [1.18, 2.0];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.002). No sex difference was observed in the prevalence of diabetes (RR=0.92; 95% CI [0.70, 1.22]);\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.57) and dyslipidemia (RR=1.33; 95% CI [0.88, 2.0];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.17).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cushing's disease has a worse clinical presentation in males and more diagnostic difficulties compared to females.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2024.55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T06:42:21Z","timestamp":1707115341000},"page":"55-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sex-related differences in Cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-8494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Basel F.","family":"Alqeeq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waseem J.","family":"Almadhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Aboabdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mosheer S.","family":"Aldahdouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Tawil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Al-Ghazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68699-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(82)92749-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-3-536"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04172-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5465"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0272"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12644"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031531"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2307\/3001666","article-title":"The combination of estimates from different experiments","volume":"10","author":"Cochran W","year":"1954","unstructured":"Cochran W. 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