{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T17:10:09Z","timestamp":1794330609005,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLNI) is a wellknown complication of thyroidectomy that can lead to vocal cord palsy (VCP). Identifying risk factors and reducing the incidence of RLNI are essential for improving surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To assess the incidence of permanent VCP after thyroidectomy and evaluate its possible associated risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A multicenter study conducted in Makkah, Saudi Arabia<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study assessed incidence of permanent RLNI and its associated risk factors in 314 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at our centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between December 2014 and December 2024. The data were gathered on general characteristics, clinical findings, and surgical details. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Incidence of permanent RLNI and the associated risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>314 patients<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Overall incidence of permanent VCP was 9 (2.9%). The left vocal cord was affected in 3 (1%) of cases, while the right vocal cord was affected in 6 (1.9%). Significant risk factors included age over 45 years (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.043), male patients (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.04), prior thyroid surgery (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.006), and high cumulative doses of radioactive iodine (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.008). However, no significant associations with factors such as family history of thyroid disease, carcinoma, or incidental disease onset.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Post-thyroidectomy VCP is influenced by several factors, including age, gender, previous thyroid surgery, and radioactive iodine dose. These findings highlight the importance of careful pre-operative risk assessment and the use of preventive measures, such as Intra-Operative Nerve monitoring, use of optical magnification and pre-operative predicting of thyroidectomy difficulty to reduce RLNI risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Possibility of selection bias due to the retrospective design. In addition to lack of use of certain analytical tests and detailed subgroup analysis due to the moderate sample size.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2025.295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:58:41Z","timestamp":1759733921000},"page":"295-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and associated risk factors after thyroidectomy: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0566-6405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hussein","family":"Alkaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Al Basheer Hospitals, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Abuduruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Armed Forces Hospital in Taif Region, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bayounos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif Kamel","family":"Abdelmonim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jabir","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Alessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haddad","family":"Alkaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameen","family":"Alherabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Um AlQura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2020.12.25575","article-title":"Thyroid neoplasm in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective epidemiological study","volume":"41","author":"Alkaff HH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkaff HH, Besharah BO, Bukhari DH, Sayed SI, Alessa MA, Abdelmonim SK, et al. 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