{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:51:05Z","timestamp":1780368665993,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Invasive\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n              infection in children is associated with significant morbidity and fatality.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Investigate the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, outcomes, and fatality-related risk factors of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n              bacteremia in children.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A retrospective case series study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The study included children (aged 0\u201314 years) with a positive blood culture for\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n              species from January 2015 to December 2022.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, case fatality rate, and fatality-related risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>42 children<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              17 girls (40%) and 25 boys (60%) with a median age of 10.5 months [interquartile range (IQR): 2\u201348]. The most common underlying conditions were hematologic\/oncologic disease (n=15, 36%) and congenital heart disease (n=12, 29%). Thirty-three patients (79%) developed Acinetobacter bacteremia as a hospital-acquired infection. The predominant species were\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. calcoaceticus\u2013A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n              complex (n=34, 45%) and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n              (n=15, 36%). Common exposures within 30 days prior to infection were previous hospitalization (n=32, 76%), antimicrobial therapy (n=26, 62%), central line insertion (n=19, 45%), mechanical ventilation (n=16, 38%), surgery (n=15, 36%), immunosuppressive therapy (n=9, 21%) and dialysis (n=9, 21%). Furthermore, 14 patients (33%) exhibited multidrug resistance, and one patient (2%) developed meningitis. Following treatment, 33 patients (79%) recovered with a median treatment duration of 15 days (IQR=12\u201321), two patients (5%) experienced relapse while on treatment, and two patients (5%) exhibited recurrent infection. The case fatality rate was 12% (5\/42) and all died within 10 days post-infection. In the univariable analysis of fatality-related risk factors showed that younger age (median 2 months [IQR: 1\u20132]) (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.025), congenital heart disease (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.018), and dialysis within 30 days prior to infection were significantly associated with fatality (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.005).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              In this study, children with\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n              bacteremia often had a history of prior hospitalization, antimicrobial therapy, invasive procedures, and chronic underlying comorbidities, specifically congenital heart disease and hematologic\/oncologic disorders. Additionally, younger age, congenital heart disease, and recent dialysis were associated with fatality in the univariable analysis.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Small sample size, lack of multivariable analysis, lack of molecular epidemiologic data.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2025.326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:58:41Z","timestamp":1759733921000},"page":"326-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiology of pediatric\n            <i>Acinetobacter spp<\/i>\n            bacteremia at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Deema","family":"Gashgarey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghad","family":"Alhuthil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-777X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alsuhaibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salem","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suliman","family":"Al Jumaah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohoud","family":"Al Yabes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esam A.","family":"Albanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Al-Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics &amp; Women Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.2.148","article-title":"Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features","volume":"9","author":"Bergogne-B\u00e9r\u00e9zin E","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bergogne-B\u00e9r\u00e9zin E, Towner KJ. 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