{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:45:49Z","timestamp":1784036749074,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical concern in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) due to its high mortality rate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Investigate AKI incidence, outcomes, and mortality-related risk factors among critically ill children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective cohort<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A PICU<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study included children (aged 4 weeks to 14 years) who were admitted to the PICU from (2016 to 2019) and developed AKI at King Faisal Specialist Hopsital and Research Centre.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>AKI incidence, outcomes, and mortality-related risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>111 records of patients with AKI<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Of 969 PICU admissions, 111 cases developed AKI and were entered in the analysis, with an incidence rate of (11.5%). The median age was 43 months [interquartile range (IQR): 16\u2013120], with hematology\/oncology conditions being the most prevalent underlying diseases (56.8%). Septic shock and nephrotoxin medications were the leading causes of AKI, accounting for (46.8%) and (45.0%), respectively. Regarding AKI severity, (37.8%) were classified as stage 1, (25.2%) as stage 2, and (37.0%) as stage 3 AKI. As for PICU interventions, the highest was inotropic support (63.1%), followed by mechanical ventilation (56.8%) and renal replacement therapy (23.4%). The PICU mortality rate was (38.7%) (43\/111), with no significant association between AKI stage and mortality. However, the multivariable analysis identified bone marrow transplant (BMT) (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.042) and inotropic support (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =.001) as significant predictors of mortality.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings underscore the importance of early recognition and tailored management of AKI in PICU settings. Despite advancements in critical care, AKI remains a significant challenge, contributing to prolonged hospitalization, mortality, and increased health-care resource utilization. Therefore, more investigation is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective study single-center nature.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2025.62","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T03:58:36Z","timestamp":1739246316000},"page":"62-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence, outcomes, and mortality risk factors of acute kidney injury in critically ill children: a tertiary care center study in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-3529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tareq","family":"Alayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi 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