{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:28:14Z","timestamp":1786361294180,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity, preventable via intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population, evaluate IAP protocol adherence, and identify clinical risk factors and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center retrospective cohort study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SETTINGS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Labor and Delivery Suite at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic medical records (July 2021\u2013December 2022) were reviewed for pregnant women (\u226535 weeks) who were screened or had GBS bacteriuria, along with their neonates. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population, IAP timing, maternal febrile morbidity, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, and culture-positive sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 5292 deliveries, 688 unscreened elective cesareans were excluded, leaving 4604 screened women and 180 GBS-positive dyads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population was 3.91% (180\/4604). Although 67.2% (121\/180) of colonized women received IAP, only 15.6% (28\/180) received it \u22654 hours before delivery. Maternal febrile morbidity was 0% (0\/180). The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate was 8.3% (15\/180), and culture-positive neonatal sepsis occurred in 1.1% (2\/180) of cases. GBS bacteriuria independently predicted adverse neonatal outcomes (aOR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.12\u20134.92,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.024), while preterm delivery showed a negative correlation (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11\u20130.76,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.012).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of GBS-positive mothers in the screened population is low (3.91%). While perinatal outcomes were generally excellent regardless of antibiotic timing, GBS bacteriuria was identified as a significant, independent predictor of adverse neonatal outcomes. These findings highlight a biologically plausible risk pathway that warrants validation in larger, multi-center prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T04:19:25Z","timestamp":1786249165000},"page":"268-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population and outcomes of maternal Group B streptococcus colonization at King Saud University Medical City: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nada","family":"Alayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hessah","family":"AlOthman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazi Nur","family":"Asfina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the College of Medicine Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najma","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the College of Medicine Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Somily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Faraj","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futoon","family":"Alsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layan","family":"Alhelal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noyer","family":"Alshaibany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8503-8777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmed Sherif Abdel Hamid Abdel","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Adel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122398"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2013revised guidelines from CDC, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Verani JR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag SJ; Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2013revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 Nov 19;59(RR-10):1\u201336. PMID: 21088663.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"1425","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"The prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcus infection: New Zealand Consensus Guidelines 2014","volume":"128","author":"Darlow B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Darlow B, Campbell N, Austin N, Chin A, Grigg C, Skidmore C, Voss L, Walls T, Wise M, Werno A. The prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcus infection: New Zealand Consensus Guidelines 2014. N Z Med J. 2015 Nov 20;128(1425):69\u201376. PMID: 26905989.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003668"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Authors' reply re: Prevention of early-onset Group B streptococcal disease","volume":"125","author":"Hughes R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hughes R, Brocklehurst P, Steer P, Heath PT, Stenson B. Authors' reply re: Prevention of early-onset Group B streptococcal disease. Green-top Guideline No. 36. BJOG. 2018 Jul;125(8):1041\u20131042. PMID: 29521476.","journal-title":"Green-top Guideline No. 36. BJOG"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1395673"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"560","article-title":"WHO-Empfehlung zum Screening in der Schwangerschaft f\u00fcr die intrapartale Antibiotika-Prophylaxe zur Pr\u00e4vention fr\u00fch einsetzender Gruppe-B-Streptokokken-Erkrankungen bei Neugeborenen","volume":"87","author":"Neubauer-Bruckner C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Neubauer-Bruckner C, Sommer I, Nu\u00dfbaumer-Streit B. WHO-Empfehlung zum Screening in der Schwangerschaft f\u00fcr die intrapartale Antibiotika-Prophylaxe zur Pr\u00e4vention fr\u00fch einsetzender Gruppe-B-Streptokokken-Erkrankungen bei Neugeborenen. Gesundheitswesen. 2025 Aug;87(8-09):560\u2013563. PMID: 40789292.","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2015.11666810","article-title":"Asymptomatic group B streptococcal bacteriuria among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia","volume":"72","author":"Ahmad S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmad S. Asymptomatic group B streptococcal bacteriuria among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. Br J Biomed Sci. 2015;72(3):135\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(85)90005-0","article-title":"Group B streptococci colonization among Saudi women in labor and neonatal acquisition","volume":"23","author":"Uduman SA","year":"1985","unstructured":"Uduman SA, Chatterjee T, Al-Mouzan MI, Al-Suleiman SA. Group B streptococci colonization among Saudi women in labor and neonatal acquisition. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1985;23(1):21\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Factors Affecting Vaginal and Rectal Carriage Rate of Streptococcus agalactiae Among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Saudi Women","volume":"1","author":"Milyani R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Milyani R, Rokbah RA. Factors Affecting Vaginal and Rectal Carriage Rate of Streptococcus agalactiae Among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Saudi Women. Medicine. 2011;1:26\u201332.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1752-2","article-title":"Prevalence rate of group B streptococcal colonization among women in labor at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital","volume":"284","author":"Zamzami TY","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zamzami TY, Marzouki AM, Nasrat HA. Prevalence rate of group B streptococcal colonization among women in labor at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;284(3):677\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Prevalence of Group B streptococcus colonization in mothers and babies at Abha General Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"79","author":"Al-Sunaidi M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al-Sunaidi M, Damole IO, Bello CS. Prevalence of Group B streptococcus colonization in mothers and babies at Abha General Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Med J Cairo Univ. 2011;79:45\u201347.","journal-title":"Med J Cairo Univ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5171\/2015.376062"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"The changing spectrum of Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in infants of Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"Almuneef M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Almuneef M, Alalola S, Ahmed S, Memish Z, Khan MY, Alshaalan M. The changing spectrum of Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in infants of Saudi Arabia. J Chemother. 2000;12(1):48\u201352.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S52206","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal risk factors for early-onset group B streptococcal disease: A case control study","volume":"5","author":"Al-Kadri HM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Kadri HM, Bamuhair SS, Al Johani SM, A Al-Buriki N, Tamim HM. Maternal and neonatal risk factors for early-onset group B streptococcal disease: A case control study. Int J Women's Health. 2013;5:729\u2013735.","journal-title":"Int J Women's Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002269"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.1590","article-title":"Detection of genital colonization of group B streptococci during late pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"El-Kersh TA","year":"2002","unstructured":"El-Kersh TA, Al-Nuaim LA, Kharfy TA, Al-Shammary FJ, Al-Saleh SS, Al-Zamel FA. Detection of genital colonization of group B streptococci during late pregnancy. Saudi Med J. 2002;23(1):56\u201361.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10510-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078759"}],"container-title":["Annals of Saudi Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:32:51Z","timestamp":1786357971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.annsaudimed.net\/doi\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.268","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-4947","0975-4466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-4947","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-4466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}