{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:54:46Z","timestamp":1791089686980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Saudi Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli (E. coli)<\/jats:italic>\n                      is uncommon, and its clinical features and prognosis remain insufficiently characterized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare the clinical, laboratory, radiological, and prognostic characteristics of community-acquired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia (CAECP) with CAP caused by other pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center retrospective observational cohort study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SETTINGS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Department of Pulmonology, Kocaeli City Hospital, \u0130zmit, Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye from April 2023 to March 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult patients hospitalized with CAP and positive sputum cultures were reviewed. Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonias were excluded. Patients were classified as CAECP or Other-CAP. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, CURB-65, Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), and outcome data were compared. A targeted multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age and malignancy evaluated 90-day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In-hospital mortality, 90-day mortality, intensive care unit admission, and hospital length of stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SAMPLE SIZE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-eight patients (37 CAECP, 31 Other-CAP)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median age (69 [interquartile range, IQR 50.7\u201371] vs 67 [56\u201370] years;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.805), sex distribution (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.452), comorbidity burden (P=.094), body temperature (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.970), heart rate (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.592), C-reactive protein (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.731), procalcitonin (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.749), multilobar involvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.246), and air bronchogram (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.938) were comparable between groups. Mean CURB-65 (1.73\u00b10.90 vs 1.45\u00b10.99;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.253) and PSI (108.6\u00b140.6 vs 95.4\u00b127.6;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.143) were also similar. Hospital stay was significantly longer in CAECP (15.7\u00b115.5 vs 9.6\u00b17.0) days;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.047). In-hospital mortality was numerically higher (14% vs 0;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.058), while 90-day mortality was significantly higher (49% vs 16%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.005). After adjustment for age and malignancy, CAECP remained independently associated with 90-day mortality (aOR, 7.41; 95% CI, 1.85\u201329.71;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAECP resembles other CAP etiologies at presentation, but is associated with longer hospitalization and markedly higher 90-day mortality despite similar baseline severity scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center retrospective design, small sample size, and limited number of mortality events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:44:41Z","timestamp":1791089081000},"page":"358-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Community-acquired\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    pneumonia: clinical, radiological, laboratory, and prognostic characteristics in a retrospective single-center study"],"prefix":"10.5144","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Salih","family":"K\u00fcc\u00fck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pulmonology, Kocaeli City Hospital, \u0130zmit, Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6663-9263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S\u00fckran","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pulmonology, Kocaeli City Hospital, \u0130zmit, Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coskun","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevda","family":"Soydan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Microbiology, Kocaeli City Hospital, \u0130zmit, Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3134","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500245"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"116","article-title":"What is antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species? A five-year analysis from intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Duran H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duran H, \u00c7eken N, Atik B. What is antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species? A five-year analysis from intensive care unit. Firat Med J. 2022;27(2):116\u2013120.","journal-title":"Firat Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Escherichia coli as a specialized bacterial pathogen","volume":"6","author":"De Sousa CP.","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Sousa CP. Escherichia coli as a specialized bacterial pathogen. Rev Biol Cienc Terra. 2006;6(2):341\u2013352.","journal-title":"Rev Biol Cienc Terra"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00049-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07033-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S447354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.934671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management [NG250]. London: NICE; 2024. Accessed July 9 2026. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Turkish Thoracic Society. Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Consensus Report 2021. Ankara: Turkish Thoracic Society; 2024. Accessed July 9 2026. https:\/\/toraks.org.tr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Clinical Microbiology Specialist Association(KL\u0130MUD). Laboratory Examination Guide for Respiratory System Specimens. 2nd ed. Ankara T\u00fcrkiye: KL\u0130MUD; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-05963-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Sattar SBA Sharma S. Bacterial Pneumonia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Accessed July 9 2026. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK552669\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000219269.73180.5d"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05500742","article-title":"The microbiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"50","author":"Park DR.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Park DR. The microbiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respir Care. 2005;50(6):742\u2013763.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1998.tb00657.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab597"}],"container-title":["Annals of Saudi Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:45:24Z","timestamp":1791089124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.annsaudimed.net\/doi\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2026.358","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-4947","0975-4466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-4947","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-4466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}}}