{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:57:32Z","timestamp":1787162252138,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"AVES YAYINCILIK A.\u015e.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Regarding the controversial role of Blastocystis in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients, it seems that this protozoan\n\nmay lead to an overgrowth of some non-beneficial bacteria. The current study aimed to investigate the co-existence of Blastocystis and\n\nClostridioides difficile in IBD patients.\n\nMethods: Stool samples of 102 IBD patients were collected and cultivated for C. difficile and Blastocystis. DNA extraction was performed\n\non positive samples and C. difficile and Blastocystis were toxinotyped and subtyped, respectively. Fisher\u2019s exact test and logistic regression\n\nwere employed to calculate the correlation between the existence of Blastocystis and its subtypes (ST) with C. difficile and its type\n\nof toxins. Also, the co-existence of Blastocystis and C. difficile with the frequency of defecations was evaluated.\n\nResults: Blastocystis and C. difficile were observed in 17 (16.7%) and 26 (25.5%) of stool samples, respectively. From 26 C. difficilepositive\n\nisolates, 24 (92.3%) and 2 (7.7%) were tcdA+\/B+ and tcdA+\/B-, respectively. Also, 10 (58.8%) and 7 (41.2%) were Blastocystis\n\nST1 and ST3, respectively. Statistically significant correlations between co-existence of Blastocystis and C. difficile and co-existence\n\nof these microorganisms and frequency of defecation (P &lt; .035) were seen. There was no statistically significant correlation between\n\nsubtypes of Blastocystis and colonization of C. difficile or its toxinotypes.\n\nConclusion: The co-existence of Blastocystis and C. difficile in IBD patients was observed in the current study. Moreover, it can be proposed\n\nthat these microorganisms may have synergistic effects on their colonization in the gastrointestinal tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2021.19644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T09:14:13Z","timestamp":1628846053000},"page":"500-507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Blastocystis and Clostridioides difficile: Evidence for a Synergistic Role in Colonization Among IBD Patients with Emphasis on Ulcerative Colitis"],"prefix":"10.5152","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Azimirad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Mohammad Ali","family":"Gol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Javanmard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Mirjalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Yadegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Asadzadeh","family":"Aghdaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Shahrokh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedieh","family":"Balaii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3111","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.turkjgastroenterol.org\/index.php\/tjg\/article\/download\/3741\/3404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:22:16Z","timestamp":1773228136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.turkjgastroenterol.org\/index.php\/tjg\/article\/view\/3741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tjg.2021.19644","relation":{},"ISSN":["2148-5607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2148-5607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]}}}