{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:15:37Z","timestamp":1775805337589,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"AVES YAYINCILIK A.\u015e.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["URP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u00a0\r\nObjective: This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study evaluated the clinicopathological associations of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2\/neu) expression in 250 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, with particular emphasis on their relationship to tumor stage and lymph node involvement.\r\nMethods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 250 patients with urothelial carcinoma who underwent immunohistochemical evaluation of PD-L1, using a tumor proportion score (TPS) of \u22651%, and HER2\/neu with 3+ considered positive. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from transurethral resection of bladder tumor and cystectomy specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The HER2\/ neu was scored using a standard 0-3+ system, and PD-L1 expression was assessed by TPS. Associations were tested using chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated whether HER2\/neu independently predicted nodal involvement after adjustment for age, sex, tumor stage, and morphology. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; .05.\r\nResults: The HER2\/neu 3+ positivity was present in 100\/250 patients (40%) and was significantly associated with nodal involvement (P = .019). On multivariable logistic regression, HER2\/neu is independently associated with nodal involvement, reflecting aggressive tumor biology (adjusted OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.33-4.36; P = .004). Among node-negative patients (N0, n = 200), 35.5% were HER2\/neu positive, rising stepwise to 50.0% in N1, 54.5% in N2, and 71.4% in N3 disease, supporting a relationship between HER2\/ neu overexpression and nodal progression. In contrast, PD-L1 positivity (TPS \u22651%) was observed in 129\/250 patients (51.6%) and was not significantly associated with age, sex, tumor stage, nodal status, grade, multiplicity, or morphology (all P &gt; .05).\r\nConclusion: The HER2\/neu was an independent clinicopathological biomarker associated with nodal involvement and aggressive tumor biology in urothelial carcinoma. PD-L1 showed limited clinicopathological utility in this cohort, though it retains predictive value for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.\r\n\u00a0\r\nCite this article as: Mittal A, Malhotra K, Panwar V, Kishore S, Taher M, Singhal A. Targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in bladder cancer: evaluating its role as a more robust clinicopathological biomarker compared to programmed death ligand 1 expression. Urol Res Pract. 2026, 52, 0061, doi: 10.5152\/tud.2026.25061.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2026.25061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:34:10Z","timestamp":1775802850000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Bladder Cancer: Evaluating Its Role as a More Robust Clinicopathological Biomarker Compared to Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression"],"prefix":"10.5152","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8040-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankur","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1854-0633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunal","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6441-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikas","family":"Panwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5811-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Kishore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5537-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avin","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3111","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"container-title":["Urology Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/urologyresearchandpractice.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/3686\/3676","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/urologyresearchandpractice.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/3686\/3676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:34:10Z","timestamp":1775802850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/urologyresearchandpractice.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/view\/3686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tud.2026.25061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2980-1478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2980-1478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]}}}