{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T18:57:15Z","timestamp":1774205835740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Universa BV","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AGEB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and study aims : Esophageal ulcers are a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal morbidity and may be due to different etiologies. We sought to systematically evaluate patients with esophageal ulcers and describe their presentations, endoscopic findings, etiologies, treatments, and outcomes.\n\nPatients and methods : Patients diagnosed with esophageal ulcers over an 11-year period were retrospectively identified from our institution\u2019s electronic medical records.\n\nResults : We identified 100 patients with esophageal ulcers (0.49% of patients undergoing upper endoscopy). Half of them presented due to gastrointestinal bleeding and three-quarters were admitted to the hospital. The majority were in the lower esophagus. Twenty-two unique etiologies, including multiple iatrogenic causes, were diagnosed in 91 of the cases. The most common etiology was gastroesophageal reflux disease (57%), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (7%), malignancies (3%), vomiting (3%), caustic ingestion (2%), pill esophagitis (2%) and radiation (2%). Many etiologies showed a predilection for specific segments of the esophagus. Nine ulcers required endoscopic intervention and all were treated successfully. Repeat endoscopies were performed 5 times for diagnostic or \u201csecond look\u201d reasons, none of which changed the patients\u2019 diagnosis or treatment. No patients required surgery or stricture dilation. One patient\u2019s ulcer was complicated by perforation and he subsequently died. Four other patients died from non-ulcer related causes.\n\nConclusions : While the majority of ulcers were due to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, 22 different etiologies were identified. Many were due to medication or iatrogenic causes. Repeat endoscopy did not appear to be helpful. While the incidence was low, they were frequently associated with significant morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.51821\/84.3.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T21:23:26Z","timestamp":1621545806000},"page":"417-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Real world management of esophageal ulcers : analysis of their presentation, etiology, and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.51821","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"D.L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bermont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Shirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27062","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WOLFSEN HC, WANG KK. Etiology and course of acute bleeding esophageal ulcers. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 1992 Jun, 14(4) : 342-6.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199206000-00015"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"HIGUCHI D, SUGAWA C, SHAH SH, TOKIOKA S, LUCAS CE. Etiology, treatment, and outcome of esophageal ulcers: a 10-year experience in an urban emergency hospital. J. Gastrointest. Surg., 2003 Nov, 7(7) : 836-42.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-003-0027-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DAG MS, OZTURK ZA, AKIN I, TUTAR E, CIKMAN O, GULSEN MT. Drug-induced esophageal ulcers: case series and the review of the literature. Turk. J. Gastroenterol., 2014 Apr, 25(2) : 180-4.","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2014.5415"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SUGAWA C, TAKEKUMA Y, LUCAS CE, AMAMOTO H. Bleeding esophageal ulcers caused by NSAIDs. Surg. Endosc., 1997 Feb, 11(2) : 143-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900317"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WILCOX CM, SCHWARTZ DA, CLARK WS. Esophageal ulceration in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Causes, response to therapy, and long-term outcome. Ann. Intern. Med., 1995 Jul 15, 123(2) : 143-9.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-2-199507150-00010"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JOHNSON CD. Unusual complications of oesophageal ulcers. Postgrad. Med. J., 1988 Sep, 64(755) : 656-8.","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.64.755.656"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RANATANEN TK, SIVHO EI, RASANEN JV, HYNNINEN M, SALO JA. Esophageal Ulcer as a Cause of Death: A Population-Based Study. Mortality of Esophageal Ulcer Disease. Digestion, 2015, 91(4) : 272-6.","DOI":"10.1159\/000381307"}],"container-title":["Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T16:54:19Z","timestamp":1632848059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ageb.be\/ageb-journal\/ageb-volume\/ageb-article\/1928\/Real%20world%20management%20of%20esophageal%20ulcers:%20analysis%20of%20their%20presentation,etiology,%20and%20outcomes\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51821\/84.3.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1784-3227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1784-3227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}