{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:14:11Z","timestamp":1791332051179,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Universa BV","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AGEB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and study aims: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site of extra-nodal involvement for non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL). The features of GI NHLs remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify endoscopic characteristics of GI NHLs.\n\nPatients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the morphological characteristics of 63 GI malignant lymphomas other than mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Lesions were diagnosed between 2005 and 2020. Macroscopic findings were classified into five subtypes: superficial (S); protruding without ulcer (P); protruding with ulcer (PU); fungating (F); and multiple nodules (MN).\n\nResults: Thirty-one lesions in the stomach were classified as S type in 3 cases (9.6%), P type in 6 (19%), PU type in 13 (42%), and F type in 9 (29%). In the stomach, the ulcerated phenotype was more frequent for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (89.5%) than for other histological types (41.7%; P = 0.01). In the intestine, 23 tumors were classified as S type in 4 cases (17%), P type in 1 (4%), PU type in 6 (26%), F type in 1 (4%), and MN in 11 (48%). Eleven of the 14 cases (78.6%) of intestinal follicular lymphoma lesions showed MN type. In the colon, eight tumors were classified as S type in 2 cases (25%), P type in 2 (25%), PU type in 1 (13%), and F type in 3 (38%).\n\nConclusion: We have clarified the endoscopic features of GI NHL using macroscopic classifications. 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