{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:05:55Z","timestamp":1790726755477,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Universa BV","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AGEB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and study aims: Functional dyspepsia is a common chronic condition with upper abdominal symptoms in the absence of an organic cause. The first line treatment consists of protonpomp inhibition or Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, this approach often does not provide enough symptom relief. Neuromodulating agents are commonly used in clinical practice but only tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) are mentioned in European and American and Canadian guidelines.\n\nMethods: We performed a comprehensive review of the literature in Pubmed for full-text randomized controlled trials in English with adult participants (&gt;18 years) who met the Rome II, III or IV criteria or were diagnosed by a physician with a negative upper endoscopy and that compared a neuromodulating agent with placebo.\n\nResults: The search strategy identified 386 articles of which 14 articles met the eligibility criteria. TCAs like amitriptyline and imipramine have been shown to be effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia whereas other neuromodulating agents like tetracyclic antidepressants, levosulpiride and anxiolytics might be beneficial but conclusive evidence is lacking. serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have not shown benefit in patients with functional dyspepsia\n\nConclusion: Selected neuromodulators have an established efficacy in functional dyspepsia. The best supporting evidence is available for TCAs with a potential role for tetracyclic antidepressants, levosulpiride and anxiolytics<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.51821\/86.1.10998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T13:18:11Z","timestamp":1678886291000},"page":"49-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neuromodulating agents in functional dyspepsia: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.51821","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Bosman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Vanuytsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27062","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"STANGHELLINI V., CHAN F.K.L., HASLER W.L., MALAGELADA J.R., SUZUKI H., TACK J., et al. 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Gastroenterology, 2021, 160(1): 99-114.e3.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.014"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"VAN OUDENHOVE L., AZIZ Q. The role of psychosocial factors and psychiatric disorders in functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2013, 10(3): 158-67.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.10"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TALLEY N.J., LOCKE G.R., LAHR B.D., ZINSMEISTER A.R., TOUGAS G., LIGOZIO G., et al. Functional dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, and impaired quality of life. Gut, 2006, 55(7): 933-9.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.078634"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LACY B.E., WEISER K.T., KENNEDY A.T., CROWELL M.D., TALLEY N.J. Functional dyspepsia: the economic impact to patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2013, 38(2): 170-7.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12355"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CAMILLERI M., STANGHELLINI V. Current management strategies and emerging treatments for functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2013, 10(3): 187-94.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.11"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MASUY I., VAN OUDENHOVE L., TACK J. Review article: treatment options for functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2019, 49(9): 1134-72.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15191"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MOAYYEDI P., LACY B.E., ANDREWS C.N., ENNS R.A., HOWDEN C.W., VAKIL N. ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol., 2017, 112(7): 988-1013.","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.154"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"VANHEEL H., FARR\u00c9 R. Changes in gastrointestinal tract function and structure in functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2013, 10(3): 142-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.255"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WAUTERS L., TALLEY N.J., WALKER M.M., TACK J., VANUYTSEL T. Novel concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia. Gut, 2020, 69(3): 591-600.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318536"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHEONG P.K., FORD A.C., CHEUNG C.K.Y., CHING J.Y.L., CHAN Y., SUNG J.J.Y., et al. Low-dose imipramine for refractory functional dyspepsia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2018, 3(12): 837-44.","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(18)30303-0"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BRAAK B., KLOOKER T.K., WOUTERS M.M., LEI A., VAN DEN WIJNGAARD R.M., BOECKXSTAENS G.E. 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Central Neuromodulators for Treating Functional GI Disorders: A Primer. Am J Gastroenterol., 2017, 112(5): 693-702.","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.57"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FORD A.C., LUTHRA P., TACK J., BOECKXSTAENS G.E., MOAYYEDI P., TALLEY N.J. Efficacy of psychotropic drugs in functional dyspepsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut, 2017, 66(3): 411-20.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310721"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FORD A.C., MOAYYEDI P., BLACK C.J., YUAN Y., VEETTIL S.K., MAHADEVA S., et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis: efficacy of drugs for functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2021, 53(1): 8-21.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16072"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"HOJO M., NAGAHARA A., ASAOKA D., SHIMADA Y., SASAKI H., MATSUMOTO K., et al. A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Antianxiety and Antidepressive Agents for Functional Dyspepsia. 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